The whole process of cesarean section

Caesarean section is a relatively common method of delivery and is widely used in clinical medicine. It is mainly suitable for women who have abnormal fetal positions and cannot give birth normally. Caesarean section has largely solved the problem of dystocia and ensured the safety of many pregnant women and fetuses. A caesarean section requires certain steps. Below, we will introduce the whole process of cesarean section in detail.

1. Open the abdominal wall

After the operation site is determined, the surgeon will clean, shave, disinfect and anesthetize the area as usual, then make an arc-shaped incision, and then cut the skin and muscles, external oblique muscles, internal oblique muscles, transverse abdominal muscles and their fascia in layers. Any blood vessels should be avoided or double ligated. Then cut the peritoneum. When cutting the abdomen, you must use tweezers to pick it up and cut a small hole. Then the operator inserts the middle finger or index finger of the left hand into the incision, and under the guidance of the left hand, cut the peritoneum to the appropriate length to expose the rumen.

2. Pull out the uterus

After peritoneal incision, the surgeon's arm should be disinfected again and rinsed with saline before being inserted into the abdominal cavity to examine the uterus, fetus, and nearby organs to detect any ruptures or adhesions. Then have an assistant move the rumen forward to expose the uterus. The pessary is pushed out of the incision. When pulling the uterus, move slowly and at an angle.

3. Uterine incision

After identifying the greater curvature of the uterine horn, avoid the uterine caruncle and cut through the uterine wall with one cut. After fully ligating the bleeding point of the uterine wall incision, carefully separate the fetal membrane near the incision.

4. Pull out the fetus

When taking out the fetus, grab the tarsal part of the fetus' hind limb or the wrist of the forelimb along the uterine incision and slowly pull out the fetus in the most suitable direction and angle.

5. Remove the afterbirth

The principle of treatment is that if it can be peeled off, it should be completely peeled off. If it cannot be peeled off, the detached part should be cut off, and the rest should be left in the uterus to fall off and be discharged on its own. However, the fetal membranes near the edges of the incision on both sides must be peeled off and cut off, otherwise it will hinder suture.

6. Suturing the uterus

Before suturing the uterus, anti-inflammatory powder should be evenly spread inside the uterus. The uterus is usually closed with two sutures, the first is a full-thickness continuous suture, and the second is a serosal and muscular layer embedding suture.

7. Suture the abdominal wall

After the abdominal wall incision is prepared, the peritoneum is sutured first, usually with intestinal sutures for continuous suture. Before the peritoneum is sutured, antibiotic oil should be injected into the peritoneum through the incision to prevent infection and adhesion. The muscles are then sutured continuously, layer by layer. Finally, the skin should be sutured with knots.

It should be noted that since cesarean section is mainly used when the mother and fetus are in danger, it is not medically recommended for women who are suitable for vaginal delivery to adopt this method of delivery.