What is the cause of breast bleeding?

Breast bleeding is not unfamiliar to many women. This problem is generally caused by diseases such as mammary duct ectasia, intraductal papilloma, cystic breast hyperplasia, and breast cancer. In order to reduce the damage of these diseases to women's reproductive system and physical health, active examination and treatment must be carried out after the symptoms of breast bleeding appear.

1. Mammary duct ectasia

For some patients with this disease, the first symptom is nipple discharge. The color of the discharge is mostly brown, and a few are bloody. This disease is more common in non-lactating or menopausal women over 40 years old. There is a lump adhered to the skin in the areola area where discharge occurs, which is usually less than 3 cm in diameter. The axillary lymph nodes on the same side may be enlarged, soft, and tender.

2. Intraductal papilloma

This disease is more common in people aged 40 to 50. The tumor mostly occurs in the area near the nipple. The tumor is very small, has a pedicle and villi, and has many thin-walled blood vessels, so it is easy to bleed. When palpating the patient's breasts, sometimes a cherry-sized lump can be found under the areola, which is soft, smooth and movable.

3. Breast cystic hyperplasia

It is more common in women of childbearing age. The nipple discharge of some patients is yellow-green, brown, bloody or colorless serous. This disease has two characteristics: one is that it manifests as periodic breast pain, which is more common or worsens before menstruation. Second, breast lumps are often multiple and can be seen on one side or both sides. They can also be limited to one part of the breast or dispersed throughout the breast. The lumps are nodular and of varying sizes, tough but not hard, not adhered to the skin, and have unclear boundaries with surrounding tissues. The lumps may shrink after menstruation.

4. Breast cancer

Some breast cancer patients have bright red or dark red nipple discharge, and sometimes clear water discharge that is colorless and transparent, occasionally sticky, and leaves no trace after discharge. The two peak incidence periods of this disease are 45 to 49 years old and 60 to 64 years old. Patients may accidentally discover a breast lump, which is usually located at the upper inner or outer limit, is painless, and gradually grows larger. In the late stage of lesions, orange peel-like skin changes and satellite nodules appear. The axillary lymph nodes are enlarged and hard, and fuse into clumps as the disease progresses.