Why do nipples become hard and painful after ovulation?

After ovulation, the nipples become hard and painful, which is often a normal physiological phenomenon. We know that women's breast pain varies at different stages. For example, breast pain during puberty, breast pain during menstruation, and breast pain during lactation are all relatively normal phenomena and do not require special treatment.

1. Breast pain during adolescence: It usually occurs between the ages of 9 and 13. After menarche, the pain will disappear on its own.

2. Premenstrual breast pain: Many women experience breast fullness, hardness, and tenderness before menstruation. In severe cases, the breasts will become swollen and painful with the slightest vibration or collision. This is caused by increased estrogen levels in the body before menstruation, breast hyperplasia, and edema of breast tissue. The above changes may disappear after menstruation.

3. Breast tenderness during pregnancy: Some women experience breast tenderness and pain around 40 days of pregnancy due to the placenta and villi secreting large amounts of estrogen, progesterone and prolactin, which causes the breasts to enlarge. In severe cases, the pain may last throughout the pregnancy and does not require treatment.

4. Postpartum breast pain: Breast fullness, hardness and pain often occur 3 to 7 days after delivery. This is mainly due to breast lymph retention, venous congestion, interstitial edema and obstructed mammary ducts.

5. Breast pain after abortion: This is because the pregnancy is suddenly interrupted, and the hormone level in the body drops suddenly, causing the newly developed breasts to suddenly stop growing, resulting in breast lumps and breast pain.

6. Breast pain after sexual intercourse: This is related to the physiological changes in the breasts during sexual intercourse. People with low libido or disharmonious sex life cannot achieve sexual satisfaction, so breast congestion and swelling are not easy to subside, or they subside incompletely. Continuous congestion will cause breast pain.

7. Women do not need to worry about this at all, but if the pain does not ease for a long time, or even becomes more severe, or if you find a bumpy, unclear edge, or poorly movable lump when touching the breast, you should go to the hospital for examination and treatment as soon as possible.