What tests should be done for irregular menstruation?

Experts say that under normal circumstances, the average menstrual cycle of women is 28 days, and a difference of 7 days before and after is normal. If it exceeds this range, it means that the menstruation is irregular. In this case, B-ultrasound examination, cytology examination, biopsy, endocrine measurement, X-ray examination, hysteroscopy or laparoscopy, etc. are required. If necessary, chromosome examination is also required, and treatment plan is further formulated based on the results of the examination. During the treatment process, patients must first have an optimistic attitude and not put too much pressure on themselves. In addition, they must pay attention to their diet, be sure to eat a light diet, and maintain adequate sleep.

1. What tests should be done for irregular menstruation?

1. Ultrasound examination

Reflects the condition of the uterus, ovaries and pelvic cavity.

2. Cytological examination

Exfoliated cytology examination to check ovarian function and rule out cervical malignancy.

3. Biopsy

Determine the nature of the lesion and is mostly used for the diagnosis of tumors.

4. Endocrine assay

Currently, hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, ovary, thyroid and adrenal cortex, such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone, triiodothyronine, tetraiodothyronine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone, can be measured. Simple methods commonly used in clinical practice to understand ovarian function include vaginal smear, cervical mucus, basal body temperature and endometrial biopsy.

5. X-ray examination

Hysteriodized oil contrast can be used to understand the condition of the uterine cavity and whether there are submucosal fibroids or polyps. Anteroposterior and lateral sections of the sella turcica can be used to determine whether there is a pituitary tumor.

6. Hysteroscopy or laparoscopy

Observe the lesions of the uterine cavity and pelvic organs.

7. Others

Perform liver, kidney function and blood system examinations as appropriate. Chromosome examination should be performed when necessary.

2. Treatment of irregular menstruation

1. Treat the cause

For pathological causes, corresponding treatment is needed according to the specific cause.

2. Stop bleeding and correct anemia

It is caused by long menstrual period and heavy menstrual flow. In addition to general hemostatic measures, hormones or curettage may be used to stop bleeding as appropriate. Give oral blood-enriching drugs or infusion treatment.

3. Adjustment cycle

Estrogen and progesterone alone or in combination can be used for cyclical treatment, or traditional Chinese medicine can be used for treatment.

4. Infertility

Dysfunction of one or more links in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis causes anovulation, which is one of the pathophysiological bases of menstrual disorders and one of the causes of infertility. It is a problem that many patients urgently need to solve. Some patients may ovulate but have insufficient luteal function, which can also cause infertility. Different treatments are selected according to the patient's condition to improve ovarian function or replace part of the function of the pituitary gland and hypothalamus.

5. Reduce the occurrence of menstrual disorders

Before puberty, children should learn and understand some health knowledge, have a correct understanding of the physiological phenomenon of menstruation, and eliminate fear and tension. During menstruation, you should keep warm and avoid cold stimulation; pay attention to rest, reduce fatigue, strengthen nutrition, and enhance physical fitness; you should try to control drastic mood swings, avoid strong mental stimulation, and keep a happy mood.