Treatment of anemia during pregnancy: you need to know

Pregnant mothers must pay attention to the phenomenon of pregnancy complicated by anemia, because if the situation is serious, it may affect the fetus in the belly. It requires correct treatment and more iron-rich foods, such as black fungus and seaweed, as well as appropriate iron supplements.

1. General treatment

Strengthen nutrition and encourage pregnant women to eat high-protein and iron-rich foods. Such as: black fungus, seaweed, pork (beef) liver, beans, eggs, etc. This type of food is not only rich in iron, but also easy to absorb. If there is a special disease, appropriate treatment should be given at the same time targeting the cause.

2. Medication

Iron supplementation has a good therapeutic effect.

(1) Oral administration is generally recommended as the main method of administration. ① Ferrous sulfate or ferrous succinate: If you take 1% dilute hydrochloric acid and vitamin C at the same time, it will help the absorption of iron. Antacids, eggs, dairy products, bread and other cereal foods, if taken with iron supplements, can affect the absorption of iron. Therefore, it is not advisable to take ferrous sulfate orally within 1 hour before meals and 2 hours after meals. ②Ferrous fumarate: high iron content. It has little irritation to the gastrointestinal tract, but sometimes it may cause upper abdominal discomfort, diarrhea or constipation. ③ Ferric citrate: It is suitable for those who have difficulty swallowing pills, but its trivalent iron is not easily absorbed and the therapeutic effect is poor, so it is not suitable for patients with severe anemia.

(2) Injectable iron preparations are mostly used in patients with severe iron deficiency anemia in late pregnancy or in patients who cannot accept oral medication due to severe gastrointestinal reactions. Commonly used preparations are: ① Iron dextran: The first injection is intramuscular. If there is no response, it can be increased to intramuscular injection once a day or every other day. One course of treatment is 15 to 20 days. ② Sorbitol iron: Each milliliter contains 50 mg of iron. Deep intramuscular injection will cause fewer local reactions, but more severe systemic reactions. ③ Blood transfusion therapy: Most pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia will see rapid improvement in clinical symptoms and blood counts after iron supplementation and do not need blood transfusion. For pregnant women with severe anemia who are facing delivery at full term, Hb must be increased as soon as possible.

3. Management during and after delivery

After delivery: encourage the mother to eat, ensure adequate intake, avoid prolonged labor or premature delivery, strengthen fetal heart monitoring, and provide low-flow continuous oxygen inhalation. For patients with moderate or severe anemia, fresh blood should be prepared and the vein should be opened. After the cervix is ​​fully dilated, assisted delivery can shorten the second stage of labor, but accidental birth injuries should be avoided as much as possible. Actively prevent postpartum hemorrhage after delivery. Give intravenous oxytocin immediately after the fetal shoulder is delivered. If there are no contraindications, ergonovine can be injected intramuscularly or intravenously after the placenta is delivered. At the same time, oxytocin can be added to 5% glucose and dripped intravenously. After the fetus is delivered, carefully check and suture the perineal and vaginal wounds, strictly following aseptic operation techniques. Antibiotics are used after delivery to prevent birth canal infection. If cesarean section is indicated, bleeding should be minimized during the operation, and attention should be paid to the total amount and speed of infusion or blood transfusion.