What is the cause of vaginal bleeding in women?

The human vagina is a very complex organ. Vaginal bleeding may be vulvar bleeding, vaginal bleeding, or more likely cervical and endometrial bleeding, etc., or it may be an organic disease. Vaginal bleeding and menstruation are two completely different concepts. The female reproductive organs are like flowers, very delicate and fragile. So what exactly is going on with women's vaginal bleeding?

1. When sex hormone secretion is imbalanced and anovulatory functional uterine bleeding occurs, single and long-term estrogen stimulation causes the endometrium to progressively proliferate, multiply to a highly adenocystic type, adenomatous hyperplasia, and even gradually develop into endometrial cancer. Due to the lack of progesterone antagonism and glandular secretion, the endometrium is thickened, the glands increase, the glandular cavity is enlarged, and the glandular epithelium proliferates abnormally.

The intimal blood supply increases and the spiral arterioles become tortuous. The polymerization and gelation of acidic particulate polysaccharide (AMPS) caused by estrogen reduces the permeability of blood vessels in the interstitium, affects the exchange of substances, causes local endometrial tissue ischemia, necrosis, and shedding, and causes bleeding. The coagulation effect of acidic particulate polysaccharide also hinders the shedding of the endometrium, causing asynchronous exfoliation of the endometrium and causing long-term irregular bleeding of the endometrium.

In case of ovulatory functional uterine bleeding, the corpus luteum may degenerate prematurely, resulting in a short luteal phase and frequent menstruation; or it may be incompletely atrophied and continuous secretion of progesterone, resulting in luteal phase (premenstrual) bleeding, prolonged menstruation, and continuous spotting, or both. The mechanism is insufficient secretion of estrogen and progesterone, especially insufficient secretion of progesterone, which causes the endometrium to be completely secreted, with immature development of glands, stroma and blood vessels, and due to the asynchronous withdrawal of estrogen and progesterone, irregular exfoliation of the endometrium and abnormal bleeding occur.

2. The role of prostaglandins: It is known that prostaglandins (PGs), especially PGE2, PGF2 thromboxane (TXA2) and prostacyclin (PGL2), are a group of highly active vascular and coagulation function regulatory factors. They affect endometrial bleeding function by regulating uterine blood flow, spiral arterioles and microcirculation, muscle contraction activity, endometrial lysosomal function and coagulation fibrinolytic activity.

There are many reasons for vaginal bleeding, including vaginal bleeding in newborns within the first few days after birth, bleeding caused by taking birth control pills, menstrual bleeding, and postmenopausal bleeding. There is also bleeding during pregnancy, which may be a precursor to miscarriage. It could also be an emergency such as an ectopic pregnancy. You need to take care of your body, eat a healthy diet, and eventually put an end to vaginal bleeding.