What is endometriosis?

There are many reasons for the occurrence of endometriosis, and the emergence of these problems can cause serious reproductive effects on women. Common causes include immune deficiency or family heredity, which can easily lead to these problems.

1. Implantation Theory

Menstrual blood flows backwards and endometrial implantation occurs. During the menstrual period, menstrual blood flows downstream from the cervix and vagina. However, a small amount of menstrual blood or other reasons mixed with shed endometrial fragments flow into the abdominal cavity through the fallopian ducts and implant on the surface of the pelvic organs to form endometriosis lesions.

2. Metaplastic endometrium

Serosa epithelium, metaplastic intima. During the human embryonic development period, the ovarian surface epithelium, peritoneum, vaginal rectal diaphragm, and umbilicus are all derived from the metaplasia of the body cavity epithelium. These tissues can be transformed under the stimulation of gonadal hormones, inflammation, and mechanical factors to form another type of tissue, which can also metaplasia into the endometrium.

3. Benign metastasis

Benign metastasis to blood and lymph. This is a relatively rare cause of the disease. Endometriosis that occurs in the lungs, meninges, pericardium, limbs, and other distant parts is caused by the transfer of endometrial debris through the blood circulation or lymphatic system and retention in certain organs or tissues.

4. Iatrogenic endometrial transplantation

This is an artificial process that causes the endometrium to be transplanted to certain parts of the uterus. It is common in cesarean sections, curettage in early and mid-term pregnancy, episiotomy during delivery, and artificial abortion.

5. Defective immune defense

The endometrium that flows back into the abdominal cavity with menstrual blood is like a foreign body. It will activate the body's immune system and mobilize a large number of immune cells and body fluids to encircle and eliminate it. If the body's immune function is defective, it will develop into endometriosis.

6. Genetic factors

Endometriosis has a certain genetic tendency and familial clustering, and people with a family history are more likely to suffer from the disease.