What is the process of natural abortion?

In today's society, the body is severely damaged after a miscarriage, but miscarriage always makes many women feel very unprepared. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to understand the precautions after miscarriage, otherwise it is likely to affect the future fertility of pregnant women. So, what is the process of natural miscarriage?

Usually, the process of spontaneous abortion is that the embryo and fetal membrane separate first, followed by vaginal bleeding due to the opening of blood vessels. Then the uterus contracts under the stimulation of the blood and the detached embryo. The process of the embryo being expelled from the body is accompanied by cramps in the lower abdomen. As the embryo is completely expelled, the uterus will contract again, the blood vessels will close, and then vaginal bleeding will gradually stop. Therefore, during this process, vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain are relatively obvious and perceptible signs.

1. Chromosomal abnormalities

Including chromosomal abnormalities of the couple and chromosomal abnormalities of the embryo. Common chromosomal abnormalities in couples include balanced translocation, Robertsonian translocation, etc. Among the chromosomal abnormalities in embryos, triploidy is the most common, followed by polyploidy, X monosomy, autosomal monosomy, balanced chromosomal translocation, deletion, mosaicism, inversion, duplication, etc. The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in couples with recurrent spontaneous abortion is 4%, while that in the normal population is 0.2%, with the ratio of maternal to paternal abnormalities being 3:1. The main cause of spontaneous abortion is chromosomal abnormality of the embryo. The incidence of chromosomal abnormality of the embryo decreases with the increase of the number of abortions.

2. Maternal endocrine disorders

(1) Luteal insufficiency accounts for 23% to 60%. The basal body temperature is biphasic, but the high temperature phase is less than 11 days, or the high and low temperature difference is less than 0.3℃. Endometrial biopsy shows that the secretory response is at least 2 days late. The progesterone in the luteal phase is lower than 15ng/ml, causing poor decidual reaction of pregnancy. The luteal function test shows insufficiency for 2 to 3 cycles before it can be included in the diagnosis. Luteal insufficiency affects the implantation of the fertilized egg.

(2) The high concentration of luteinizing hormone, high androgen and hyperinsulinemia in polycystic ovary syndrome reduces the quality of eggs and endometrial receptivity, which can easily lead to miscarriage.

(3) Hyperprolactinemia: Prolactin receptors are present in luteal cells. High prolactin inhibits luteinization of granulosa cells and steroid hormones, leading to luteal insufficiency and decreased egg quality.

(4) Thyroid disease: Hypothyroidism is associated with recurrent spontaneous abortion.

(5) Subclinical diabetes or well-controlled diabetes will not lead to miscarriage, but the spontaneous abortion rate of uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes increases.

3. Abnormalities of the maternal reproductive tract

(1) Uterine malformations include unicornuate uterus, bicornuate uterus, didelphys and uterine septate. Among them, incomplete uterine septate is most likely to lead to miscarriage and premature birth. This is mainly due to the poor development of the endometrium in the mediastinum, insensitivity to steroid hormones and poor blood supply.

(2) In Asherman syndrome, the uterine cavity is reduced in size and the response to steroid hormones is decreased.

(3) Cervical insufficiency causes late miscarriage and premature birth and is the main cause of mid-pregnancy miscarriage.

(4) Uterine fibroids, submucosal fibroids and intramyeliomyomas larger than 5 cm are associated with miscarriage.

4. Reproductive tract infection

Patients with bacterial vaginosis have an increased incidence of miscarriage and premature birth in late pregnancy, and endometritis or cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and Ureaplasma urealyticum can lead to miscarriage.

The above is a brief introduction to the process of natural abortion. I believe everyone has a clear understanding of it. What we need to remind you here is that after a miscarriage, women must pay attention to personal hygiene and maintain a good mood, go out for a walk and bask in the sun, listen to music, read books, and be sure to protect themselves after a miscarriage, recover as soon as possible, and make corresponding preparations for the next successful pregnancy.