Ovarian mucinous cystadenoma examination

The ovaries are very important to a woman. If there is a problem with the ovaries, a woman may lose the right to be a mother. Ovarian mucinous cystadenoma still has a great impact on the body. Although ovarian mucinous cystadenoma is a type of tumor, it can be cured as long as it is discovered and treated early. Don't have too much psychological pressure. If you find that you have ovarian mucinous cystadenoma, you must not escape the reality of the disease. You must face it correctly and actively treat it. A positive attitude can make the treatment receive a good therapeutic effect. Below we will introduce the examination of ovarian mucinous cystadenoma in detail.

Laboratory tests

[Visual inspection] Mucinous cystadenomas are mostly unilateral, and about 5-10% are bilateral. About 10% to 20% of borderline tumors and erosive carcinomas are bilateral. The tumors are usually large, with most measuring 15 to 30 cm in diameter. The average weight is 2000-4000 g, and there are reports of specimens weighing up to 149 kg (328 lbs) (Spohn, 1922). The tumor surface is smooth, the cyst wall is thin, and it is transparent or translucent. The cross section is mostly multi-chambered, and the fluid in the cyst is either thick like jelly or thin like water. Borderline tumors and erosive carcinomas may have papillae and solid thickening areas, and hemorrhagic necrotic foci are common, and the fluid in the cyst becomes brown or bloody.

[Light microscopic examination] Mucinous cystadenoma is covered with a well-differentiated single-layer tall columnar epithelium with rich cytoplasm containing mucin and the nucleus is located at the base. Goblet cells can be seen between the mucous epithelial cells. About 20% of tumors contain argyrophilic cells and occasionally Paneth cells. The presence of marked epithelial proliferation with stratification (no more than three layers of borderline tumor cells), budding and bridging, nuclear atypia, and mitotic phases suggests a borderline tumor or erosive carcinoma. Well-differentiated mucinous cystadenocarcinoma is covered with tall columnar mucinous epithelium with mild atypia, cancer cells invade the stroma, and the glandular ducts are relatively regular; moderately differentiated type, tumor cells are obviously atypia, invade the stroma, the glandular ducts are irregular, and there are epithelial protrusion structures; poorly differentiated type, cancer cells secrete mucus, are pleomorphic, the cells are obviously atypia, and glandular duct-like structures can be seen.

[Electron microscopic examination] The epithelium covering mucinous cystadenomas is mostly similar to the endocervical epithelium, and small, thick and short microvilli can be seen on the top of the cells, protruding toward the cavity in an irregular manner. The apical membrane between the microvilli is smooth and lacks pinocytosis. The upper part of the cell side wall is smooth and tightly connected to the adjacent cells, with occasional desmosomes. There are complex villus-like protrusions at the base of the cell membrane, which interdigitate with adjacent cells, but desmosomes are often not present here. The cell membrane at the base is mostly smooth or slightly curved. The nucleus is located at the base and usually contains a nucleolus. The nucleus is filled with round or oval mucus droplets. Mitochondria are small and located in the cell body. The Golgi apparatus was well developed, with no smooth endoplasmic reticulum, varying numbers of rough endoplasmic reticulum and free ribosomes, lack of glycogen, and no lysosome-like structures.

Above, we have introduced the examination of ovarian mucinous cystadenoma in detail. We hope it will be helpful to you.