Small particles on the inner labia

If there are small particles on the inner side of the labia, it is necessary to make a diagnosis based on one's own symptoms and medical history. Because the causes of this clinical manifestation are relatively complicated, people need to go to the hospital for a more detailed examination. The most important thing is to do a serological test, which is a very common examination step. A small number of patients should also undergo vaginal function tests, which can determine the specific disease.

1. Medical history, symptoms and signs.

2. Microbiological examinations include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, spirochetes, CT, UU smear staining, bacterial and viral culture, serological and immunological examinations. It is known that bacterial vaginosis (BV) secretions have characteristic clue cells, pH>4.5, potassium hydroxide test (+) and proline aminopeptidase (+). It is worth pointing out that modern advanced cell and molecular biology detection methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), protein blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and monoclonal antibody detection technology have been widely used in clinical practice, providing an effective means for accurate and timely diagnosis of gynecological infectious diseases.

3. Histopathological examination: Certain specific infection lesions should be examined to determine their etiology and pathological changes. Such as tuberculosis, amoeba, syphilis, genital warts, etc. The pathological characteristics of condyloma acuminatum are papillary hyperplasia of the squamous epithelium, hypertrophy of the prickle cell layer and cell atypia, that is, they show typical koilocyte characteristics. The nuclei of prickle cells were stained darkly and irregularly, with an oval blank area around the nucleus, which was stained with PAS (-). Under electron microscopy, glycogen granules and organelles were missing in the hollowed-out area, with only a small number of ribosomes. Nuclear chromatin is condensed and virus particles can be seen in the nucleus. Immunohistochemistry and in situ PCR techniques can be used to diagnose the intracellular localization of HPV.

4. Vaginal functional examination includes sperm cell biology and vaginal reproductive immunology.

(1) Sperm cell biological examination: post-coital test (Smis-Huhner test), see the section on cervical infertility for details.

(2) Reproductive immunology examination: including cellular immunology (macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocyte populations) and humoral immunology (CD50, IgG, IgA, IgM) in vaginal secretions, and the determination of sperm antigens and anti-sperm antibodies.

(3) Serological examination: including the detection of serum antigens and antibodies for certain cellular and viral infectious diseases, such as anti-endometrial antibodies, anti-HIV antibodies, hepatitis virus antigens and antibodies, as well as serum sperm immobilization test, sperm agglutination test and auto-sperm immunity test.