Normal cervical picture HD

The cervix is ​​one of the key organs in the female urinary system. From embryos and fetuses to old age, the cervix is ​​involved in disease prevention and health care issues such as gynecology, obstetrics, family planning, prenatal and postpartum care, and reproductive health throughout a woman's life. It involves women's own physical and mental health, family harmony, economic and social issues, and is also closely related to sex and reproduction. So, what are the normal high-definition pictures of the cervix?

The cervix may have a variety of symptoms, including abnormalities in embryonic development, inflammation, neoplasia, benign tumors, malignant tumors, damage, cervical infertility, family planning policy, assisted reproductive technology, cervix and sex, cervical pregnancy, cervical dystocia and many other gynecological problems. The cervix is ​​an important defense to prevent pathogens from entering the internal reproductive organs, but it is also under the erosion of various pathogenic factors (childbirth, miscarriage, surgical damage to the cervix, etc.); and the cervical endometrium has many wrinkles and cracks, and it is difficult to eliminate the bacteria lurking here, which can easily cause cervical inflammation. This disease can be divided into acute and chronic types. The latter is often caused by the inability of the former to heal immediately. Chronic cervicitis is more common in clinical medicine. Its most obvious symptom is thick milky white mucus or purulent yellowish mucus leucorrhea. In addition, it may be accompanied by vulvar itching, lumbar pain, etc.

The cervix is ​​located below the uterus, 2.5 to 3 cm long, connected to the uterine body above and deep in the vagina below.

The cervix is ​​located below the uterus, is cone-shaped, 2.5 to 3 cm long, connected to the uterine body above and deep in the vagina below. The vault at the top of the vagina divides the cervix into two parts: the part of the cervix that enters the vagina is called the inner cervix, and the part above the vault in the vagina is called the upper cervix. The center of the cervix is ​​a long, slightly flattened spindle-shaped lumen that is connected to the uterine body at the top through the internal cervical os and opens into the vagina at the bottom through the external cervical os. The cervical canal is located between the inner and outer openings. The external os of the cervix is ​​perfectly round in non-pregnant women, but is transversely fissured in women who have given birth naturally. The size of the cervix and the proportion of the uterine body vary with age and endocrine status. The cervical wall is composed of the mucosa, muscularis and adventitia.

The endocervical mucosa is the uterine cervix endometrium, which is covered by single-sided columnar epithelial cells that secrete mucus. The epithelial cells are sunken into glandular wrinkles in the original layer, which are usually called cervical glands. They can secrete mucus and become the main component of secretions.

There are reserve cells on the surface of the endometrium of the cervix and below the columnar epithelial cells of the glandular tubules and on the basement membrane. They have the dual division potential of proliferation and differentiation into columnar squamous epithelial cells and metaplasia into squamous epithelial cells.

Supplement: From the external cervical opening to the internal vaginal fornix, the entire area is covered by stratified squamous epithelium;

The junction area between the columnar epithelial cells of the cervical canal and the squamous epithelium of the vagina outside the cervix is ​​called the cervical epithelial transition zone or conversion zone. The location of the junction area between the two types of cells is not fixed and will move with the level of estrogen in the female body, age, endocrine system, vaginal pH and pathological conditions. If the level of estrogen is high, such as in women of growth age, the cervix will shift toward the external os of the cervix, exposing the columnar epithelial cells in the cervical canal to the outside.

The blood supply of the cervix mainly comes from the uterine artery, which reaches both sides of the uterus in the parauterine tissue, crosses the urethra about 2 cm from the level of the internal os of the cervix to the side edge of the uterus, and then divides into upper and lower branches. The lower branch is distributed in the cervix and the upper part of the vagina, called the cervicovaginal branch, and the veins follow it. The nerves of the cervix mainly come from the presacral plexus, most of which form the pelvic plexus next to the cervix and are distributed in the uterine body, cervix, etc. The length of the cervix is ​​about 4cm, and the width of the cervix is ​​about 4mm, all 4, just in different parts. There was no significant difference in cervical length and cervical canal width between different gestational age groups of normal single pregnant women, and there was no enlargement of the internal cervical os.