Why does uterine bleeding occur?

The uterus is the most important organ for women. If there is something wrong with the uterus, it is very likely that the woman will lose the right to be a mother. Therefore, women should often eat some foods that are beneficial to the uterus. If uterine bleeding occurs accidentally, it must be treated in time, because there are many reasons for uterine bleeding. So why does the uterine cavity bleed?

Functional uterine bleeding is a disease name in modern medicine, which refers to uterine bleeding caused by ovarian dysfunction, abbreviated as "functional uterine bleeding".

This disease is divided into two types: anovulatory functional uterine bleeding and ovulatory functional uterine bleeding. The former is an ovulatory dysfunction, which is common in adolescence and menopause; the latter is a luteal dysfunction, which is more common in women of childbearing age.

2 Symptoms

1. Continuous menstruation: This situation refers to a normal menstrual cycle, but there is a small amount of bleeding for several days before the menstruation, and the color is often dark. After a few days of menstruation, there is continuous bleeding, and there may be continuous bleeding for more than ten days before and after menstruation.

2. Frequent menstruation: The menstrual cycle is shortened, usually less than 21 days, and the amount of bleeding and number of bleeding days are normal.

3. Excessive menstrual flow: The menstrual cycle is normal, but the amount of bleeding each time is excessive, reaching hundreds of milliliters.

4. Irregular uterine bleeding: Menstruation is early or late, with no regularity at all.

5. Mid-menstrual bleeding: About 10 days after the menstrual period ends, a small amount of bleeding flows out of the vagina again, sometimes it stops in one or two days, which is called ovulation bleeding. Functional uterine bleeding, due to frequent bleeding, large amount of bleeding, and long bleeding, patients often suffer from anemia or symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, tinnitus, pale complexion, etc. In severe cases, shock may occur, and even life-threatening, so it should be taken seriously.

3-point type

There are three types of causes of uterine bleeding:

1. Anovulatory functional uterine bleeding is divided into two groups according to age.

1. Dysfunctional uterine bleeding during puberty: occurs in girls after menarche, due to the inability to establish regular ovulation. Clinical manifestations include infrequent menstruation after menarche, irregular menorrhagia after a short period of amenorrhea, prolonged menstruation, and continuous spotting, leading to severe anemia.

2. Menopausal (perimenopausal) functional uterine bleeding: that is, functional uterine bleeding in women aged ≥ 40 years to around the time of menopause. The incidence of anovulatory functional uterine bleeding increases year by year during this period. The clinical manifestations are: frequent menstruation, irregular cycles, excessive menstrual flow, and prolonged menstruation. 10-15% of patients present with severe irregular menstruation, menorrhagia and severe anemia.

2. Ovulatory functional uterine bleeding is most common in women of childbearing age, and is also sometimes seen in adolescent girls and menopausal women.

Clinically, it is divided into the following types:

1. Ovulatory menstrual disorders: including ovulatory oligomenorrhea and ovulatory frequent menstruation

2. Luteal dysfunction: including luteal insufficiency and luteal atrophy

3. Mid-menstrual bleeding

Also called ovulation bleeding. It is often accompanied by ovulation pain, which is caused by ovulation stimulation and estrogen fluctuations, resulting in a small amount of bleeding (1 to 3 days) and abdominal pain. In some cases, bleeding is heavy and continues until the menstrual period, resulting in frequent pseudomenstruation.

4 Etiology and pathogenesis

Western medicine

1. Systemic factors: including adverse mental trauma, stress, malnutrition, endocrine and metabolic disorders, such as iron deficiency, anemia, aplastic anemia, blood diseases and bleeding diseases, diabetes, thyroid and adrenal diseases.

2. Dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis: including disorders of the rhythm of reproductive hormone release, feedback dysfunction, ovulation and corpus luteum dysfunction.

3. Uterine and endometrial factors: including abnormal structure and function of spiral arterioles and microcirculatory vascular beds, dysfunction of endometrial steroid receptors and lysosomes, abnormal local coagulation mechanism, and disordered secretion of prostaglandins TXA2 and PGI2.

4. Other factors: including steroidal contraceptives and intrauterine devices that interfere with the normal function of the HPOU axis. Certain drugs for systemic diseases can affect normal menstrual function through neuroendocrine mechanisms.