Cystic dark areas on ovaries

The ovaries are one of the important parts of women. In fact, polycystic ovary syndrome is a relatively common disease in women. If people say there are cystic dark areas on the ovaries, people may not fully understand what this is. In fact, cystic dark areas in the ovaries are polycystic ovary syndrome. There are many dangers of polycystic ovary syndrome. Let me introduce it to you below.

1. Non-genetic theory of PCOS

Studies have shown that the hormonal environment in the uterus during pregnancy affects the endocrine state of the individual in adulthood. Exposure to high-concentration androgen environments during pregnancy, such as mothers with a history of PCOS or mothers with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and poorly controlled hyperandrogenism, can easily lead to ovulatory dysfunction after puberty.

2. PCOS Genetics Theory

The main basis of this theory is that PCOS tends to run in families. Familial ovulatory dysfunction and polycystic ovarian changes suggest that the disease has a genetic basis. Hyperandrogenism and/or hyperinsulinemia may be genetic characteristics that PCOS family members also suffer from. The effect of insulin in promoting ovarian androgen production is also affected by genetic factors or genetic susceptibility. Family members with oligoovulation, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries have an increased prevalence of hyperinsulinemia in women and premature hair loss in men. Cytogenetic studies have shown that PCOS may be inherited in an X-linked recessive, autosomal dominant or polygenic manner. Through whole genome scanning, the largest number of genetic genes related to PCOS were discovered, such as candidate genes for steroid hormone synthesis and related functions, androgen synthesis-related regulatory genes, insulin synthesis-related genes, carbohydrate metabolism and energy balance candidate genes, gonadotropin function and regulation candidate genes, adipose tissue-related genes, and chronic inflammation-related genes.

In short, the etiology research of PCOS cannot confirm that the disease is caused by a certain gene site or a certain gene mutation. Its onset may be related to the action of some genes under the influence of specific environmental factors, leading to the occurrence of the disease.

1. Menstrual disorders

PCOS causes anovulation or infrequent ovulation in patients, and about 70% of them have menstrual disorders. The main clinical manifestations are amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea and dysfunctional uterine bleeding, accounting for 70% to 80% of women with abnormal menstruation, 30% of secondary amenorrhea, and 85% of anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Due to the ovulation dysfunction and lack of cyclical progesterone secretion in PCOS patients, the endometrium is under simple high estrogen stimulation for a long time. The continuous proliferation of the endometrium is prone to simple endometrial hyperplasia, abnormal hyperplasia, and even atypical endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial cancer.