Bone density standard value for women

The normal value of bone density is a key indicator of bone quality, reflects the degree of osteoporosis, and is an important link in predicting the risk of fractures. Due to the improvement of reliability test marketing and advanced development software, this method can be used in different parts and the measurement accuracy is further improved. In addition to the diagnosis of osteoporosis, it can be used for clinical epidemiological research and clinical observation, and has significant advantages in the prediction of osteoporotic fractures.

The full name of the normal value of bone density is bone mineral relative density, which is a key indicator of bone compressive strength. It is expressed in grams per cubic centimeter and is a square root. When using normal bone density values ​​in clinical medicine, because the square roots of different bone density detectors are different, the T value is generally used to determine whether the normal bone density value is normal. The T value is a relative value, and the normal standard value is between -1 and 1. When the T value is less than -2.5, it is abnormal. Determination method

(1) Single-photon absorption assay (SPA)

Based on the basic principle that the digestion and absorption of radioactive substances by bone tissue is proportional to the bone mineral composition, the bone mineral composition of the bones of the limbs is measured using radioactive nuclides of radioactive substances as light sources. The measuring point is usually the intersection of the mid-distal 1/3 of the radius and ulna (the mid-lower 1/3 of the upper arm).

Generally, the left hand is used to accurately measure the left upper arm, and the left "left" is used to accurately measure the right upper arm. This method is widely used in China. It has the advantages of simple equipment, high quality and low price, and is suitable for clinical epidemiological research. This method cannot accurately measure normal values ​​of radial bone density (hip and spine).

(2) Dual-energy X-ray digestion and absorption assay (DEXA)

According to the X-ray tube ball after a certain device to obtain two kinds of energy, namely low-energy and high-energy photon beauty peaks. After these photons pass through the human body, the scanning system sends the received signals to the computer for data processing to obtain the bone mineral composition.

The instrument can accurately measure muscle mass at any part of the body with high precision and minimal harm to the body. The amount of radioactivity used to test one part is equivalent to 1/30 of a lung CT scan and 1% of a QCT scan. There will be no problem of nuclear decay of radioactive materials. At this stage, it is gradually being carried out in major cities in China, and the market prospects are promising.

(3) Quantitative CT (QCT)

In the past 20 years, computerized tomography (CT) has been widely used in the field of clinical radiology. QCT can accurately select bones in specific locations to measure bone mineral density, and can separately assess the bone mineral density of cortical bone and spongy bone.

In clinical medicine, fractures caused by osteoporosis are often located in areas containing spongy bone such as the spine, femur and distal radius. QCT can be used to observe bone mineral changes in these areas. However, because the subjects are exposed to a large amount of X-rays, it is currently only used in scientific research.

(4) Ultrasonic measurement method

It has attracted widespread attention due to its lack of radiation and relatively high sensitivity in diagnosing fractures. The use of sound wave frequency transmission rate and amplitude attenuation coefficient can reflect the amount of bone mineral content, bone structure and bone compressive strength, which has a good correlation with DEXA. This method is simple to operate, safe, harmless, and low-priced. The commonly used instrument is an ultrasonic bone density detector.

Frequently asked questions about normal bone density test

1. It is recommended that staff under 20 years old do not test normal bone density values.

2. If you have fractures in both legs or have undergone joint replacements in both legs, it is recommended not to test the normal value of bone density.

3. It is recommended that people with skin ulcers on the heels do not test the normal value of bone density.

Osteoporosis is a disease that develops idiopathically with aging and is characterized by decreased bone density and increased bone fragility, making it prone to fractures. Osteoporosis can be caused by aging, menopause in women, endocrine diseases, etc. The prevalence of osteoporosis in people over 50 years old is as high as 50%, which makes them prone to fractures, most commonly fractures in the femur, spine and radius and ulna.

Among them, the mortality rate caused by internal complications within 6 months after femoral neck fracture is over 20%, which brings great pressure to the family and society. Therefore, early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis and prevention of fractures will benefit many patients.

Osteoporosis rarely has active symptoms and is not easy to detect in the early stages. Therefore, it is recommended that everyone undergo a normal bone density screening to understand their own bone hyperplasia status. If you are a key target of osteoporosis, it is best to have regular follow-up examinations every year to understand the status of calcium loss during bone hyperplasia. At the same time, you need to change bad living habits, increase exercise and consume more high-quality protein. If necessary, ask a doctor for appropriate medication.

Human bone mineral composition is closely related to bone strength and extracellular fluid balance, and is therefore an important indicator for evaluating human physical condition. Under physiological conditions, the bone mineral composition of musculoskeletal tissue varies with age, and under pathological conditions, some drugs can cause changes in bone mineral composition.

Therefore, the quantitative analysis and measurement of human bone mineral composition has become a key research topic in modern science. The basic test of bone mineral is mainly based on the measurement of human bone mineral composition to directly obtain the accurate composition of bone mineral (mainly calcium). It plays an important role in distinguishing and studying bone physiology, pathology and human degeneration level, as well as diagnosing various diseases in the body.

How to improve normal bone density

In daily meals, we can strongly recommend eating some nutritious foods rich in calcium, such as milk, eggs, dried shrimps, sesame seeds, kelp, lettuce, rapeseed, carrots, radish leaves, etc. This can supplement the calcium required every day.

What are marine fish?

Not only is it rich in carbohydrates, it is also rich in nutrients such as phosphorus, selenium, calcium, etc., and it can also prevent aging. So eat more fish, especially marine fish, it is best to eat 2-3 fish a day.

Bean Foods

Beans contain a lot of protein needed by the human body, at least more than 40% of which is high-quality protein. Of course, they are also rich in VE and calcium, which can not only reduce aging, but also prevent osteoporosis. They are a common food for adults.

dried fruit

Dried fruits cover a wide range, including walnut kernels, pine nuts, almonds, peanut kernels, sunflower seeds, etc., which also contain a lot of VE. After eating them, men can enhance immunity and supplement a lot of calcium.

Health care medicine

In addition to food, we can also buy some liquid calcium and calcium carbonate to supplement the body's demand for calcium, which can solve the symptoms of calcium deficiency caused by today's society. But it should be noted that the daily intake must be as indicated and cannot be exceeded.

In addition, it is important to supplement vitamin D to facilitate the digestion and absorption of calcium.

According to the editor, do you understand the normal value of bone density after reading it? In order to help more friends, we have sorted out more common sense.