Causes and clinical manifestations of cervical polyps

Nowadays, many friends are troubled by cervical polyps. This is a common phenomenon, but people are afraid of it. Many people began to fear this disease, which made many friends feel confused and worried, but many friends also began to pay attention to this issue. So, what are the clinical manifestations of extrapyramidal syndrome? This is a question that everyone is curious about. Next, let's explore the clinical manifestations and treatment of extrapyramidal syndrome, hoping to help everyone:

Cervical polyps are a manifestation of chronic cervicitis and are more common in married women. Chronic inflammation stimulates the local mucosal hyperplasia of the cervical canal for a long time. The uterus has a tendency to expel foreign bodies, causing the hyperplastic mucosa to gradually protrude from the base to the external os of the cervix to form polyps. One type of polyp originates from the cervical mucosa, and the other type of polyp originates from the cervical vaginal part.

Causes of cervical polyps

1. Inflammatory factors

It is generally believed that it is caused by long-term stimulation of chronic inflammation. Long-term inflammatory stimulation promotes excessive proliferation of cervical mucosa. In addition, the uterus has a tendency to expel foreign bodies, causing the hyperplastic mucosa to gradually protrude from the base to the external os of the cervix to form polyps.

2. Endocrine disorders

In particular, it is related to excessively high estrogen levels. Estrogen promotes the development of the vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries themselves, and at the same time, the endometrium proliferates and produces menstruation. It can also promote the accumulation of subcutaneous fat, the retention of sodium and water in the body, and the deposition of calcium in the bones.

3. Pathogen infection

It is usually caused by childbirth, miscarriage, postpartum infection, surgical operation or mechanical stimulation, sexual intercourse that damages the cervix, and infection caused by pathogen invasion.

Clinical manifestations of cervical polyps

Cervical polyps are easily overlooked. Because more than 1/3 of patients lack obvious symptoms.

1. Bleeding.

It is mainly a small amount of spotting, bright red bleeding, or a small amount of bleeding after sexual intercourse, which is sometimes mistaken for "return of period". In a few people, the amount of bleeding can be similar to menstruation. It may also present as postmenopausal vaginal bleeding.

2. Abnormal leucorrhea. Some patients may have yellow leucorrhea, most of which have an odor or blood in the leucorrhea.

3. Unmarried patients often present with swelling protruding from the vaginal opening.

The most common type of cervical polyp is a localized endometrial tumor that protrudes into the uterine cavity. It can be single or multiple, gray-red, shiny, and generally small in size, with an average diameter of 0.5 to 2 cm. The small ones are only 1 to 2 mm in diameter, while the large and multiple ones can fill the uterine cavity. The pedicles vary in thickness and length, and the longer ones may protrude beyond the cervical opening. Some have shorter pedicles and grow diffusely. The surface of the polyp often has hemorrhagic necrosis and may also be infected. If the pedicle is twisted, hemorrhagic infarction may occur.

Due to the narrow pedicle and reduced blood supply, polyps are very prone to degeneration. Polyps are most prone to intravascular thrombosis, turning dark purple due to blood stasis, and often begin to necrotize at the top, and may eventually rot and fall off.

Examination of cervical polyps

1. Gynecological examination

In acute inflammation, the cervix may be congested, edematous or eroded, with purulent secretions discharged from the cervical canal. There may be pain when the cervix is ​​touched, or purulent secretions may be seen at the cervical opening. The cervix may be hard upon palpation. If it is cervical erosion or polyps, there may be contact bleeding.

2. Pathological examination

It can be seen that the center of the polyp is a longitudinal axis formed by fibrous connective tissue, with many dense blood vessels. Outside is the inherent tissue of the cervix, including glands and stroma. The surface is covered with cervical mucosa. The tissue composition and structure are basically the same as those of normal cervical tissue. This is a typical polyp tissue phase.

3. Colposcopy

Depending on the epithelium covering the surface of cervical polyps, there are two types of images under the colposcope.

(1) Polyps are formed by excessive proliferation and accumulation of the cervical mucosa. Under colposcopy, the polyps appear bright red and have a certain luster. Single polyps have a thin stalk, while multiple polyps appear in clusters with a wider base and a shorter stalk.

(2) Polyps originating from the squamous epithelium covering the surface of the cervical vaginal part. The polyps are pink in color, protrude from the squamous epithelium of the cervix, have a wide base, and a few have a thin stalk with a tough texture.

In the above text, we talked about the causes, clinical manifestations and examination methods of cervical polyps. I believe that my friends have already understood this, and I hope it will be helpful to everyone, so that we can better master the knowledge about cervical polyps and better treat cervical polyps. Have a healthy body, I wish you all good health.