What is bacterial vaginal disease?

Compared with men, women's reproductive system structure is more complex, so women are more prone to some reproductive system diseases, including many vaginal diseases. Women's vagina is particularly susceptible to bacterial infection, and then bacterial vaginosis will occur. It should be noted that if bacterial vaginosis is not treated in time, it will also cause a variety of complications, such as pelvic inflammatory disease, cervical cancer, etc., so it must be treated as soon as possible. The following introduces relevant knowledge about bacterial vaginosis.

What is bacterial vaginal disease?

Bacterial vaginosis is what was previously called nonspecific vaginitis or Gardner's bacterial vaginosis. The patient's vaginal secretions contain a bacterium different from hemophilus influenzae. The inflammation caused by this bacterium is not obvious, or there is no inflammatory change. Therefore, it is called "vaginal disease" instead of "vaginitis".

The main feature of bacterial vaginal disease is the decrease and disappearance of vaginal lactobacilli, while the related microorganisms increase. The related factors of this disease include pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility, abortion, postoperative infection of gynecological and obstetric surgery, premature birth, premature rupture of membranes, neonatal infection and influenza, etc. The pathogenic bacteria include vaginal Gardnerella, Prevotella, Mobiluncus, Bacteroides, Streptococcus, Topicoccaceae and Mycoplasma hominis, etc.

10% to 50% of patients are asymptomatic, while those with symptoms complain of grayish-white leucorrhea with a fishy odor, vaginal burning and itching.

Most patients with this disease are women of childbearing age. The disease has a slow onset and the subjective symptoms are not obvious, with the main manifestation being increased leucorrhea. The examination of vaginal secretions has the following characteristics: ① The pH value reaches 5.0-5.5, which is higher than normal. ② The leucorrhea is gray or gray-green, homogeneous, with a paste-like consistency, and may contain bubbles. ③There is a foul smell like rotten fish. The odor of women becomes worse after menstruation or sexual intercourse, and their sexual partners' genitals may also emit the same odor. ④ Patients with combined Trichomonas or Candida infection may experience vulvar itching, vaginal burning sensation, or pain during sexual intercourse.

This disease can often be combined with other vaginal sexually transmitted diseases, and its clinical manifestations may vary depending on the comorbidities. When combined with gonococcal infection, vaginal discharge will be obviously purulent and urinary tract irritation symptoms such as dysuria and dysuria may occur; when combined with Trichomonas infection, foamy vaginal discharge may appear, and itching may be aggravated and extremely itchy; when combined with Candida infection, vaginal discharge may appear curd-like or tofu-like.

diagnosis

1. Vaginal discharge is grayish white, sticky, paste-like, uniform and non-purulent.

2. The secretion has a high amine content and a fishy smell. During sexual intercourse or after activity, the release of amines is promoted, making the odor worse. Adding 10% potassium hydroxide to the secretion can release the amine smell.

3. The pH value in vaginal secretions increases to 5.0-5.5, while the normal pH value is 3.7-4.5.

4. Clue cells can be detected in smears of vaginal secretions.