Women should be alert to 6 types of vaginal bleeding

Vaginal bleeding caused by inflammation of the female reproductive tract can be seen in vaginal ulcers, vaginitis, especially senile vaginitis and Trichomonas vaginitis. Bleeding is generally less and mostly bloody secretions. Cervical bleeding can be seen in acute cervicitis, cervical polyps in chronic cervicitis, and cervical erosion. Uterine bleeding can also be seen in acute and chronic endometritis, acute and chronic pelvic inflammatory disease, etc.

Pregnancy-related bleeding. It is common bleeding in women of childbearing age. The most common cause of bleeding in early pregnancy is miscarriage, followed by ectopic pregnancy and hydatidiform mole; the common causes of bleeding in late pregnancy are placenta previa and placental abruption. In addition, there is postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal hemorrhage caused by delivery and postpartum period.

Vaginal bleeding related to the tumor. The most common are benign and malignant tumors of the cervix and uterus, followed by malignant tumors of the vagina. Common reproductive tract tumors that cause vaginal bleeding include uterine fibroids, endometrial cancer, ovarian tumors, malignant trophoblastic tumors, etc.

Vaginal bleeding related to systemic diseases is mainly seen in liver diseases and blood diseases such as thrombocytopenic purpura, leukemia and aplastic anemia. Bleeding in liver disease, especially when accompanied by splenomegaly, may occur due to thrombocytopenia. Bleeding caused by blood diseases is mostly caused by thrombocytopenia and platelet deficiency. The bleeding caused by the above diseases often manifests as bleeding in multiple parts of the body, and vaginal bleeding is most common with increased menstrual flow.

The most common type of bleeding is dysfunctional uterine bleeding, which often occurs during adolescence and menopause. The length of the menstrual period varies, and the amount of menstrual flow is uncertain. In some cases, the amount of menstrual bleeding may exceed the amount of menstrual flow by several times, causing anemia, while in others, it may be continuous bleeding. Those that occur during sexual maturity are often manifested as heavy menstrual flow and prolonged menstrual period. This type of abnormal uterine bleeding was not found to have any organic lesions after examination, but was caused by ovarian endocrine dysfunction. Secondly, when taking contraceptives, uterine bleeding may occur due to missed doses or insufficient hormones in the body. This bleeding is generally not large in amount and is called breakthrough bleeding. In recent years, as the use of estrogen replacement therapy has increased, postmenopausal women may also experience uterine bleeding due to the effects of this exogenous estrogen. In addition, although some uterine bleeding is related to endocrine, it is still a normal phenomenon, such as intermenstrual bleeding, which occurs between the 12th and 16th days of menstruation, that is, the ovulation period, also known as ovulation bleeding. The amount is small, lasting for a few hours or 2 to 3 days, and is caused by a temporary drop in estrogen levels. In a small number of newborn girls, due to the interruption of the mother's supply of estrogen, the endometrium is affected by the hormone and sheds, resulting in menstrual-like bleeding, but with a small amount, which lasts for a few days and then stops on its own.

The vulva has abundant blood circulation, and the skin and submucosal tissue are loose, so it is very easy to cause bleeding and hematoma after injury, and even cause huge hematoma. In addition to vaginal tumors or cervical tumors (such as cervical cancer), cervical polyps and cervical erosion which can cause contact bleeding after sexual intercourse, rupture of the hymen after the first sexual intercourse can cause bleeding. When the hymen ruptures and bleeds, the amount of bleeding is generally small. Occasionally, the hymen may be severely torn to the vaginal wall, causing more bleeding. Severe postcoital bleeding is common in women with vaginal wall or vault lacerations, which often occur in women with vaginal hypoplasia, first sexual intercourse after childbirth, or sexual intercourse in postmenopausal women. The cause of laceration is the fragility of vaginal tissue and rough sexual intercourse. In order to avoid severe lacerations and bleeding during sexual intercourse, sex education is very important. In addition, varicose veins in the vulva and vagina may occasionally rupture during pregnancy or delivery and cause vaginal bleeding.