[Medical Q&A] Is ADHD hereditary? What is its preferred treatment option?

Planner: Chinese Medical Association

Reviewer: Wang Ying, Chief Physician, Tianjin Mental Health Center

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, ADHD for short) has certain genetic factors. Studies have shown that ADHD has a high genetic tendency in families. If a parent or sibling has ADHD, the risk of a child suffering from ADHD will increase significantly. Genetic factors play an important role in the occurrence of ADHD, but they are not the only cause. Environmental factors, fetal development, family and social environment, etc., will also affect the occurrence and development of ADHD.

The first line of treatment for ADHD usually includes a combination of behavioral therapy and medication. Behavioral therapy is an important non-drug intervention, especially for younger children and those with milder ADHD. Behavioral therapy helps children improve their attention, reduce impulsive behavior, and increase self-control through structured behavior management strategies, such as setting clear rules, using reward and punishment systems, and providing social skills training.

Drug therapy is another common intervention method, especially for patients with moderate to severe ADHD, drug therapy can significantly improve symptoms. Commonly used drugs include central nervous system stimulants (such as methylphenidate, modafinil) and non-stimulant drugs (such as atomoxetine). These drugs help improve attention and behavioral control by regulating the balance of neurotransmitters in the brain. Drug therapy should be carried out under the guidance of a professional physician, and adverse reactions and efficacy should be monitored regularly.