Popular science lectures on myopia prevention and control

The occurrence and development of myopia is mainly the result of the interaction between genetic factors and environmental factors. Common environmental factors include outdoor activities, eye hygiene such as reading and writing habits, eye distance, lighting, use of electronic products, as well as diet, nutrition and sleep. Innate genetic factors cannot be changed, but adverse factors in the environment can be avoided and controlled. Myopia prevention and control is a multi-faceted effort. The following are some effective myopia prevention and control measures.

1. Develop good eye hygiene habits. Do not read, write or use electronic products while walking, lying down, in a shaking car, or in dim light or direct sunlight. Maintain correct reading and writing postures, and remember "one fist, one foot, one inch"; take a 10-minute break after reading and writing for about 40 minutes. Perform eye exercises carefully and in a standardized manner.

2. Use electronic products reasonably. Try to reduce the time and frequency of using electronic products for non-learning purposes, and use electronic products for non-learning purposes for no more than 15 minutes each time. When using electronic devices for learning, choose large screens as much as possible, with the priority being projectors, TVs, computers, tablets, and mobile phones, and keep a proper distance; during the learning process, consciously close and open your eyes with a little force, move your eyeballs up and down, left and right, and relax your eyes; after looking at the screen for 20 minutes, you should look up and look into the distance for more than 20 seconds. After looking at the screen for 30 to 40 minutes, you should take a break and relax for 10 minutes.

3. Create a learning environment that is beneficial to eye health. The height of the study desks and chairs should be appropriate to ensure the lighting of the learning environment.

4. Participate in more outdoor activities. Taking at least 2 hours of outdoor activities every day can help stimulate the retina to release dopamine and delay the development of myopia. Outdoor activities are not limited to sports, any form of outdoor activities is good for eye health.

5. Ensure sleep and nutrition. Have a balanced diet, pay attention to supplementing protein-rich foods, and eat more foods rich in vitamins A, C, E, such as carrots, spinach, and fish. Avoid high-sugar diets, as excessive sugar intake may increase the risk of myopia; good sleeping habits are essential for eye health. Ensure adequate sleep time every night. Depending on age, primary school students need at least 10 hours of sleep, junior high school students at least 9 hours, and high school students at least 8 hours.

6. Pay attention to signs of abnormal vision. If you have trouble seeing the blackboard, your eyes are often dry, or you rub your eyes frequently, you should inform your parents and teachers in time and go to a professional institution for examination as soon as possible.

7. Check your eyesight regularly. It is recommended to have a vision check at least once every six months to achieve early detection, early diagnosis, and early correction to prevent myopia from getting worse.

The comprehensive application of these measures can effectively help control or delay the development of myopia and protect the eye health of children and adolescents.