Hyperthyroidism Classroom

Hyperthyroidism Classroom

Author: Gao Haiwen, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital

Do you know what hyperthyroidism is?

Hyperthyroidism, also known as hyperthyroidism, refers to the thyroid gland itself producing too much thyroid hormone, which causes thyrotoxicosis. The so-called thyrotoxicosis is the formation of thyroid hormone in the blood circulation, which causes increased excitability of the nervous, circulatory and digestive systems and metabolic hyperactivity.

What symptoms in your body indicate that you may have hyperthyroidism?

If you eat more and get thinner, you can't stop eating.

If you are hyperactive, easily agitated, afraid of heat and prone to sweating.

If your eyeballs are protruding and your eyelids are not long enough, sleep with your eyes open.

If you have shaking hands, diarrhea, and a rapid heartbeat.

If you experience the above symptoms, please be careful that it may be hyperthyroidism. At this time, please go to the hospital for a five-item thyroid function test.

3. How to eat healthily if diagnosed with hyperthyroidism?

1. Dietary principles

Hyperthyroidism belongs to the hypermetabolic syndrome. The patient's basal metabolic rate increases and protein catabolism is enhanced. Nutritional therapy is required to provide a high-energy, high-protein, high-carbohydrate, and high-vitamin diet to compensate for its consumption and improve the overall nutritional status.

The general dietary principle is to eat light vegetables and fruits high in vitamins, nutritious eggs, freshwater fish, etc. In addition, it is also very important for patients with hyperthyroidism to eat in moderation, avoid overeating, and pay attention to food hygiene.

2. Dietary considerations

Eat small meals frequently and avoid overeating. Avoid spicy food, smoking and drinking.

You need to drink enough water, about 2500 ml of water every day, and avoid stimulant drinks such as coffee and strong tea.

Appropriately control the intake of high-fiber foods, especially when suffering from diarrhea, reduce the intake of foods rich in fiber.

Pay attention to the reasonable combination of nutrients.

Avoid eating foods high in iodine, such as kelp, marine fish, and jellyfish skin.

You should pay attention to eating foods rich in potassium and calcium.

4. How to take medication after being diagnosed with hyperthyroidism?

Applicable population Side effects Dosage Propylthiouracil Early pregnancy Liver function impairment Follow the doctor's advice, three times a day, 50mg to 100mg each time Methimazole After the second trimester and in general hyperthyroidism patients in early pregnancy Teratogenicity Currently, the commonly used methimazole drug in clinical practice is Saizhi According to the thyroid function index, it is usually taken orally once a day, 10mg each time Propranolol (propranolol) Patients with increased heart rate and palpitations caused by hyperthyroidism Follow the doctor's advice, once a day, 10mg each time Oral medication ★ Seek medical attention in time when the drug control is not good, such as allergies, liver damage, stomach discomfort, etc. Drug treatment for hyperthyroidism should be persistent, and do not stop or change the dose without authorization. After the symptoms improve, it is necessary to adhere to a stage of regular treatment to prevent recurrence.

Outpatient Nursing Gao Haiwen

(All pictures are from the Internet)