How long will influenza A and B continue to spread? Children with four types of symptoms should be alert to the possibility of pneumonia:

Yesterday, the National Health Commission held a press conference to introduce the prevention and treatment of respiratory diseases and health tips in winter in my country. What is the trend of respiratory diseases in recent times? The 2024 Spring Festival travel season will officially begin tomorrow. How can the public do a good job of scientific prevention and control during the Spring Festival travel season?

At present, influenza is the main respiratory disease in my country, and the proportion of influenza B is increasing

Peng Zhibin, director of the Respiratory Infectious Diseases Office of the Communicable Disease Management Division of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that currently, influenza is the main acute respiratory disease in my country, while other respiratory diseases are at a relatively low level. The proportion of influenza B has increased recently, resulting in a slight fluctuation in the influenza epidemic. Experts believe that in winter and spring, my country will continue to see a trend of alternating or co-epidemic of multiple respiratory diseases, and influenza viruses will still be the main ones in the short term. At present, influenza activity has shown a downward trend, and as schools gradually close for vacation, it is expected to return to the inter-epidemic level by the end of January.

The overall level of COVID-19 in the country has been relatively low recently, and it may rebound around the Spring Festival

At the press conference, it was introduced that the overall COVID-19 epidemic in the country has been at a relatively low level recently. Judging from the monitoring data such as case reports and the positive rate of detection in sentinel hospitals, there are signs of an increase, but the increase is

It is expected that around the Spring Festival holiday, the COVID-19 epidemic may rebound to a certain extent due to factors such as large-scale population movement, visits to relatives and friends, and increased gatherings and parties.

Mi Feng said that the 2024 Spring Festival travel season will officially begin today. During the travel season, there will be more crowd movement and gathering activities. Personal protection preparations should be made before departure, masks should be worn scientifically during the journey, and good hygiene habits such as frequent hand washing should be continued to reduce the risk of infection as much as possible.

With the Spring Festival travel rush approaching, how can we scientifically prevent and control respiratory diseases?

During the Spring Festival travel season, there will be more population movement and gatherings, and the risk of respiratory disease infection will increase. The National Health Commission recommends that the public take scientific prevention and control measures to effectively reduce the risk of disease infection.

Healthy travel. It is recommended to wear a mask scientifically when taking public transportation or going to closed and crowded public places.

Actively get vaccinated. It is recommended that the elderly, patients with chronic underlying diseases and other groups actively get vaccinated against COVID-19, influenza, and pneumococcus to effectively reduce the risk of infection and severe illness.

Maintain good hygiene habits. The public should take good personal protection and develop good hygiene habits when returning home or traveling.

Monitor your own health. If you have fever, cough, sore throat or other respiratory infection symptoms, try to rest at home.

Cardiovascular disease patients should make these preparations for winter travel

At the press conference, it was introduced that when cardiovascular patients go out in winter and encounter cold weather, it may cause sympathetic nerve excitement, vasoconstriction, faster heartbeat, higher blood pressure, and coronary artery spasm, which may aggravate cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular patients should make the following preparations before traveling in winter: It is best to have relevant examinations in the hospital before traveling to ensure that all indicators are in a relatively satisfactory state.

Travel when your condition is stable.

Bring your medicines with you, including emergency medicines such as nitroglycerin or heart-saving pills.

Arrange your itinerary reasonably, pay attention to rest and avoid overwork.

Take good measures to keep warm and maintain healthy diet, and avoid overeating.

Children with respiratory tract infections should be alert to the development of pneumonia

Wang Quan, chief physician at Beijing Children's Hospital, said that children with respiratory tract infections may develop pneumonia, especially in young children. When infants suffer from pneumonia, the symptoms and signs are often atypical. They may not have obvious fever and cough, but mainly manifest as rapid breathing, reduced feeding or even refusal to feed, or difficulty feeding, spitting up milk, frequent choking, spitting, suffocation, wheezing, etc. If the above symptoms and signs appear, the child should be taken to the doctor as soon as possible.

The most important thing about repeated coughing is to identify the cause

In response to the recurrent coughing symptoms that are more common among patients, Li Yanming, director of the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine at Beijing Hospital, said that it is recommended to go to the hospital for repeated coughing to identify the cause and treat the cause. Pay attention to climate changes on a daily basis and add clothes in time to avoid catching a cold. At the same time, the room should not be too dry and maintain appropriate humidity. Avoid spicy or greasy food.

How long will influenza A and B last?

Will there be another epidemic peak in the spring? Peng Zhibin, director of the Respiratory Infectious Diseases Office of the Communicable Disease Management Division of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, said that recently, the overall COVID-19 epidemic in my country has been at a relatively low level, and monitoring data such as COVID-19 case reports and the positive rate of sentinel hospital tests have shown signs of rising, but the increase is small.

The proportion of local JN.1 variants continues to rise in China, and the clinical manifestations are basically asymptomatic and mild, with no significant change in the severity of the disease caused by the current EG.5 variant. Affected by factors such as large-scale population movement, visits to relatives and friends, and increased gatherings, it is expected that the COVID-19 epidemic may rebound to a certain extent around the Spring Festival holiday .

Monitoring data show that after reaching a peak in early December 2023, respiratory diseases in China declined for two consecutive weeks, rebounded slightly at the end of December, continued to fluctuate at a high level, and began to decline in the past week. At present, acute respiratory diseases are still dominated by influenza, and other respiratory diseases are at a relatively low level. Among them, the proportion of influenza B has increased recently, resulting in slight fluctuations in the influenza epidemic .

Peng Zhibin introduced that according to experts' judgment, my country will continue to see a trend of alternating or co-epidemic of multiple respiratory diseases in winter and spring, with influenza virus still the main virus in the short term. At present, influenza activity has shown a downward trend. As schools gradually close for vacation, it is expected to return to the level of the inter-epidemic period around the end of January.

If your child has four types of symptoms, be alert to the possibility of pneumonia

Wang Quan, chief physician at Beijing Children's Hospital, said that children with respiratory tract infections may develop pneumonia, especially in young children. If a child has the following conditions, you should be alert to the possibility of pneumonia:

First, the high fever does not subside or continues for more than 3 days . Second, the cough is frequent or significantly aggravated , which may be accompanied by an increase in the amount of sputum or a change in sputum color, such as yellow or yellow-green sputum; but mycoplasma pneumonia often does not have much sputum, and is mainly characterized by frequent dry coughs. Third, the respiratory rate is significantly faster, more urgent than usual, with wheezing or suffocation. Some children may have difficulty breathing, flaring nostrils, and a depression in the upper part of the sternum when inhaling. In severe cases, cyanosis around the mouth may occur, and the complexion may not look good . Some older children may express discomfort such as chest tightness, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Fourth, the child becomes mentally fatigued , or becomes irritable, crying, and difficult to comfort. Some may also become drowsy.

Wang Quan reminded that when infants suffer from pneumonia, the symptoms and signs are often atypical, and there may be no obvious fever and cough, but the main manifestations are rapid breathing, less feeding or even refusal to feed, or feeding with difficulty, spitting up milk, frequent choking, spitting, suffocation, wheezing, etc. If the above symptoms and signs appear, the child should be taken to the doctor as soon as possible.

What precautions should be taken when children are doing nebulization at home?

Wang Quan introduced that nebulizer inhalation is an important treatment for children's respiratory diseases, which is helpful in relieving symptoms such as coughing, wheezing and difficulty breathing.

Precautions for children to have nebulization at home include: try not to let the child eat 30 minutes before nebulization; the mouth and nose should be cleaned before nebulization; do not apply oily creams or ointments to the child.

During nebulization, the child can sit, semi-recumbent or stand; choose mouthpiece or mask nebulization according to the child's age and condition. The former is suitable for older children with mild or moderate conditions, and the latter is suitable for young children or older children with more serious conditions; during nebulization, the mask can be placed 6 to 7 cm away from the child's face, and then gradually approached the face and stuck to the mouth and nose.

Just keep quiet and breathe calmly during nebulization. Parents should pay attention to observe whether the child has any adverse reactions, such as severe coughing or choking, increased wheezing, or difficulty breathing. Nebulization should be stopped and medical attention should be sought if necessary. Some nebulized drugs may cause hand tremors, tremors, and even muscle spasms in children, which can generally be relieved after stopping the drug. If the child cries severely, it should be stopped in time.

Wang Quan said that after the nebulization is finished, the child's face should be washed and mouth should be rinsed in time; the child can also drink a small amount of water or milk 10 minutes after the nebulization is finished; the nebulization pipeline, mask or mouthpiece should be used by one person only, cleaned in time, stored dry, and replaced regularly according to product requirements.

Source: Beijing Evening News WeChat official account, CCTV News client, Healthy China