The proportion of influenza B exceeds that of influenza A. How should we prevent it?

On January 14, the National Health Commission held a press conference and invited relevant experts to introduce the situation of winter respiratory disease prevention and control and health tips in my country.

On January 14, the National Health Commission held a press conference

Mi Feng, spokesperson for the National Health Commission, said that since New Year's Day, the number of patients admitted to fever clinics in medical institutions across the country has fluctuated and declined. The current respiratory diseases are still dominated by influenza, and the novel coronavirus infection is at a relatively low level. Medical services are generally stable and orderly.

As the winter and Spring Festival holidays approach, large-scale movement and gathering of people may accelerate the spread of respiratory diseases. We must do a good job of monitoring and early warning, strengthen the management of key places and key links of prevention and control. Provide health consultation and referral guidance services to key groups such as the elderly, pregnant women, children, and patients with chronic basic diseases in a timely manner, and provide convenient conditions for them to get vaccinated. We must actively allocate medical resources, optimize the medical treatment process, and ensure the supply of medical supplies. We must make good preparations for medical resource reserves for common sports injuries, accidental injuries, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular emergencies during the holidays to ensure that patients receive timely and effective treatment.

1. In some provinces, the proportion of influenza B exceeds that of influenza A

Wang Dayan, director of the National Influenza Center of the Institute of Viral Diseases of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, introduced that seasonal influenza includes subtype A(H1N1), subtype A(H3N2) and influenza B. my country's southern provinces have entered this influenza season since early October, and northern provinces have entered this influenza season since late October. In the early stage, subtype A(H3N2) influenza virus was the main epidemic strain. The proportion of influenza B virus in northern provinces has continued to rise to 57.7% in the past 5 weeks, and the proportion of influenza B virus in southern provinces has continued to rise to 36.8% in the past 3 weeks. In some provinces, the proportion of influenza B virus exceeds that of influenza A virus. Influenza A and B viruses are distinguished by the sequence characteristics of viral genes and proteins. The seasonal influenza caused by them is difficult to distinguish in clinical symptoms. If you want to distinguish and identify whether it is influenza A or B virus, you need to rely on pathogen typing detection, such as nucleic acid detection and antigen detection. In the same influenza season, different types and subtypes of influenza viruses usually co-circulate, but the proportions are different. The immune response produced after contracting influenza A cannot provide effective immune protection against influenza B. In other words, even if you have contracted influenza A during this epidemic season, you may be infected with the influenza B virus again.

Currently, influenza vaccines contain influenza A (H1N1) subtype, influenza A (H3N2) subtype and influenza B components. It is recommended that high-risk groups receive influenza vaccines as early as possible.

What is the difference between influenza A and influenza B?

What are the symptoms of influenza A infection?

How should I seek medical treatment and take medicine?
Please keep the 7-day course of influenza medication chart****↓↓↓

What are the symptoms of influenza B?

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In fact, the clinical symptoms of influenza B and influenza A are basically similar. Compared with influenza A virus, influenza B virus may be less pathogenic and the condition is milder, but the specific symptoms vary from person to person. Antiviral treatment and symptomatic treatment are also similar, and medication can be used under the guidance of a doctor.

2. There is no cross-immunity between different respiratory pathogens, and they may be infected simultaneously or alternately

In response to the reporter's question, will people who have had respiratory diseases such as influenza A or B be infected again? Will repeated infection aggravate the condition? What kind of people are recommended to take oseltamivir? Wang Guiqiang, director of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Peking University First Hospital, said that winter is the season for respiratory diseases, including influenza A, influenza B, new coronavirus, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and mycoplasma. The immunity established after infection with these pathogens is not persistent and can be repeatedly infected. At the same time, these pathogens have no cross-protective immunity and can be infected at the same time or alternately.

Repeated infection within a short period of time often makes the condition milder because the immunity established by the infection still exists; however, simultaneous infection with different pathogens may lead to worsening of the condition, especially damage to the respiratory immune barrier, which increases the risk of bacterial infection, especially for the elderly, young children and patients with underlying diseases. It is recommended that differential diagnosis should be carried out in a timely manner when symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection appear, and antigen or nucleic acid testing should be performed. After a clear diagnosis, targeted treatment can be given. For example, anti-influenza virus drugs such as oseltamivir or mabaloxavir can be used for influenza. Anti-influenza drugs should be used early for the elderly, children and patients with underlying diseases. If it is a new coronavirus infection, anti-new coronavirus drugs should be used early to relieve symptoms, shorten the course of the disease, reduce the risk of severe illness and hospitalization, and reduce the risk of further transmission.

Can influenza A and influenza B infect people at the same time?

4. Cross-border tourism between the north and the south is popular, reminding tourists to pay attention to health protection

Mi Feng, spokesperson for the National Health Commission, said that since the New Year's Day holiday, cross-border tourism between the north and the south has become popular, and tourists from the south and the north have fully experienced the different natural environments and cultural atmospheres. The climate in the north and the south is very different. You should pay attention to the weather changes and road safety at your destination and along the way, pay attention to your health, pay attention to cold protection, beware of frostbite and colds, and prevent slipping and falling. Pay attention to food hygiene during the trip. Continue to adhere to good hygiene habits such as wearing masks scientifically, washing hands frequently, ventilating frequently, and maintaining social distance. If respiratory symptoms occur, identify them in time and seek medical treatment in time.

How to prevent influenza?

The first step: vaccination

Influenza vaccination is the most effective way to prevent influenza and can significantly reduce the risk of serious complications in recipients.

The second step: take protection

Wash your hands frequently, avoid touching your eyes, nose or mouth with dirty hands, and open windows for ventilation at least three times a day, each time for no less than 30 minutes. In addition, during the influenza epidemic season, people aged 60 and above, children under 5, pregnant women, and patients with underlying diseases should avoid going to crowded places as much as possible. If they must go, it is recommended to wear a mask.

How to use medicine when infected with influenza B?

Influenza B is caused by a virus, and commonly used antibiotics such as penicillin and cephalosporin are drugs targeting bacteria and are ineffective against influenza B. Therefore, it is not recommended to use antibiotics without authorization when you have a fever. You should seek medical attention promptly and receive treatment according to the doctor's instructions.

Source: CDC disease control personnel, Sanqin youth, health, beauty and wealth, public health and preventive medicine

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