Biochemical examination, you need to know this!

When many patients go to the hospital for treatment due to physical discomfort, they are confused when they hear the doctor say that they need to do a "big biochemical" test. What is "big biochemical"? In fact, the big biochemical test is a full set of biochemical tests. Its test items are very comprehensive and can evaluate the patient's basic health conditions and screen out certain common diseases. Today, let's talk about the "big biochemical" test in the doctor's mouth and take you to explore the relevant knowledge of the full set of biochemical tests! Collect it quickly for emergency use.

1. What is a biochemical test?

A comprehensive biochemical examination is a complete biochemical examination. In a biochemical examination, there are usually ten biochemical examinations, seventeen biochemical examinations, etc. The doctor determines which examinations to perform based on the patient's condition and the purpose of the examination. A comprehensive biochemical examination is an examination of all biochemical items in the blood to evaluate the content and functional status of various biochemical substances in the human body, which is used to assist in judging the health status of the human body, diagnosing diseases, monitoring treatment effects, and predicting disease risks.

2.What are the main items of biochemical examination?

Biochemical examination covers liver function, kidney function, electrolyte balance, blood lipid metabolism, sugar metabolism and thyroid function, etc. It can provide comprehensive biochemical information to help doctors assess the overall health status of patients. The main items of biochemical examination are as follows:

2.1 Liver function

Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT): used to evaluate stem cell damage and liver function; alkaline phosphatase (ALP): reflects the bile excretion function of hepatocytes and bone metabolism; gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT): commonly used in the diagnosis and monitoring of hepatobiliary diseases; total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and indirect bilirubin: evaluate bilirubin metabolism and the health of the biliary system; total protein, albumin and globulin: reflect the liver's synthetic function, inflammation and immune system status. Generally speaking, the changes in total protein and albumin levels are consistent. If the albumin level decreases, it means that the liver cells are in continuous necrosis, indicating that the treatment effect is not good. If the albumin and total protein levels increase, it means that the liver cell regeneration is in good condition and the treatment effect is ideal. Adenosine deaminase (ADA): participates in the metabolism of adenosine and adenine. Clinically used for the diagnosis of tuberculosis and lymphocytosis; AL-fucose (AFU): mainly found in bile, often used to detect liver damage and biliary diseases, and also has a certain evaluation value for bile excretion function; prealbumin (PLAB): prealbumin is the precursor of albumin. The determination can understand the body's protein metabolism status, especially helpful for evaluating liver function; total bile acid (TAB): often used to evaluate liver function and the status of the biliary system. High levels of total bile acid may indicate liver disease or bile duct obstruction.

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2.2 Renal function index

Urea: Evaluates nitrogen metabolism and renal excretion function. The urea content in the blood can reflect the nitrogen metabolism status. Creatinine: Used to evaluate glomerular filtration function. It is a metabolic product of the body's muscles. Under normal circumstances, it can be filtered through the kidneys and excreted from the urine. By measuring the creatinine level, it can help determine whether the renal function is normal.

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2.3 Blood lipid index

Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C): Evaluate the lipid metabolism level in the blood and predict the risk of coronary atherosclerosis. Total cholesterol is the sum of all cholesterol in the human body, while low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is called "bad" cholesterol. It will deposit on the blood vessel wall and form coronary atherosclerotic plaques, which is the main risk factor for coronary heart disease. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol is "good" cholesterol, which can transport cholesterol to the liver for metabolism and has the effect of protecting blood vessels.

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2.4 Myocardial enzymes

Creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH): used to evaluate myocardial damage and myocardial cell activity. Increased CK levels may indicate the occurrence of myocardial damage. Creatine kinase isoenzyme (CK-MB) and α-hydroxyacid dehydrogenase (HBDH): these two are more specific myocardial markers and are often used in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction. When myocardial damage occurs, CK-MB will increase significantly.

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2.5 Electrolytes

Potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus: used to assess the electrolyte balance and cell function in the human body. Potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, and phosphorus play an important role in maintaining normal physiological functions and cell activities in the human body. They support normal nerve conduction, muscle contraction, heart function, and acid-base balance by maintaining fluid balance and cell function. Monitoring these indicators helps diagnose and monitor many diseases, such as kidney disease, bone disease, electrolyte disorders, etc., and guides doctors to formulate corresponding treatment measures.

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2.6 Other Projects

In addition to the above items, there are also glucose, uric acid and other examination items. Among them, glucose is an indicator used to evaluate blood sugar levels, which can be used to assist in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes; uric acid is used to evaluate the metabolic level of uric acid, which helps to diagnose gout and uric acid nephropathy. These indicators provide clinically valuable information in the full set of biochemical tests, which can help doctors conduct early evaluation, diagnosis and treatment monitoring of diseases.

1. Who needs to undergo a major biochemical examination?

3.1 Middle-aged and elderly people

Middle-aged and elderly people exercise less, their lifestyles may be unhealthy, their metabolism gradually slows down, and they are more likely to develop some chronic diseases. Biochemical tests can help evaluate liver and kidney function, blood lipid metabolism, and heart health, etc., which can help to detect potential health problems early and intervene and treat them in time.

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3.2 Patients with chronic diseases

Some chronic diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, etc., require comprehensive biochemical examinations to monitor the treatment effect and adjust the treatment plan in time according to the changes in the condition. Through regular biochemical examinations, doctors can evaluate a series of biochemical indicators, such as blood sugar level, blood pressure, blood lipid metabolism, liver and kidney function, etc., which can help doctors understand the treatment effect of patients. For example, when diabetic patients undergo biochemical examinations, doctors can understand the patient's blood sugar control and whether the expected treatment goals are achieved; for heart disease patients, biochemical examinations can be used to determine the impact of drugs on organ function, etc.

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3.3 High-risk groups for family genetic diseases

For patients with a family history of genetic diseases or relatives with similar diseases, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, etc., doctors will recommend patients to undergo a large biochemical examination to detect potential genetic risks early and take corresponding preventive or treatment measures to reduce the risk of disease.

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3.4 Workers in high-risk occupations

Some high-risk occupational workers, such as those who are exposed to chemicals for a long time, radiation, heavy metals, etc., are more likely to suffer liver and kidney damage or other health problems. For these people, doctors will recommend that they undergo a biochemical examination to monitor and evaluate potential occupational health risks.

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3.5 Specific drug users

Certain specific drugs, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antipsychotic drugs, antiretroviral drugs, etc., have certain effects on liver and kidney function. If patients use the above drugs for a long time, they should undergo regular biochemical examinations to ensure drug safety and monitor and manage potential long-term adverse reactions.

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3.6 Patients about to undergo surgery

For patients who are about to undergo surgical treatment, doctors will evaluate their condition and recommend that they undergo a large biochemical examination so that doctors can assess the risks of the surgery and adjust the treatment plan.

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The above is the relevant knowledge of biochemical examination. I believe that through the explanation of this article, you have a certain understanding of biochemical examination. Biochemical examination is a comprehensive examination of blood, which has extremely high clinical value. Patients should actively cooperate with doctors for examination so that doctors can better treat diseases.