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Autumn and winter are the peak seasons for respiratory infectious diseases. Recently, respiratory infectious diseases such as mycoplasma pneumonia in children have increased. How to scientifically prevent and treat respiratory infectious diseases? Recently, the reporter interviewed Xu Baoping, director of the Respiratory Department of Beijing Children's Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University, and Qi Wensheng, director of the Emergency Department of Guang'anmen Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

Xu Baoping said that the peak of children's respiratory infectious diseases this year was earlier than in previous years. In addition to mycoplasma infection, the number of people infected with influenza virus, adenovirus, rhinovirus, etc. also increased. Among them, the number of mycoplasma-positive patients accounted for about 20% of the fever and cough clinics. This is mainly related to the decline of individual immunity.

Will Mycoplasma pneumonia cause “white lung”?

Xu Baoping believes that some patients with mycoplasma pneumonia have a white patch on their lungs, which is mostly caused by infection in one lobe or segment, and is different from the medical term "white lung" . Generally speaking, "white lung" refers to diffuse lesions in both lungs, which mainly occur in severe infections, and its symptoms and severity are different from mycoplasma pneumonia.

What are the symptoms of mycoplasma infection or pneumonia?

What are the treatment drugs?

Xu Baoping said that there are two main symptoms of mycoplasma pneumonia: one is fever and the other is cough . The cough starts with paroxysmal dry cough, and sputum will be produced during the course of the disease. Some people may experience chest pain, sore throat, headache, and a few may experience cyanosis and difficulty breathing. They should go to the hospital for treatment in time.

At present, the first-line treatment drugs are mainly macrolide antibiotics, and commonly used ones include azithromycin, erythromycin, clarithromycin, etc. Antibiotics are prescription drugs and need to be used under the guidance of a doctor. In clinical practice, some children have drug resistance and the treatment effect is not very good. Studies have shown that there is not much difference between drug-resistant and non-resistant patients in the treatment of mycoplasma infection or pneumonia. The main difference is that the fever reduction time of drug-resistant patients is delayed and the course of the disease is longer, but the proportion of severe cases is not significantly different.

How to prevent respiratory infectious diseases?

Xu Baoping said that the main thing is to stay away from pathogens, try to avoid crowded closed places, and wear a mask when you must go . Pay attention to washing hands frequently, strengthening exercise, and improving physical fitness. In addition, school-age children with mycoplasma pneumonia should not go to school while sick, but should pay attention to rest and improve immunity.

Qi Wensheng said that from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, the dry climate in autumn makes pathogens easily invade the lung system, leading to respiratory diseases, which are mainly manifested by dry mouth, sore throat, cough and other symptoms. Traditional Chinese medicine collectively calls them autumn dryness diseases. Autumn dryness diseases are mainly divided into two categories, namely warm dryness and cool dryness, which require syndrome differentiation and treatment. The treatment of warm dryness diseases mainly focuses on clearing away heat and moistening dryness; the treatment of cool dryness diseases mainly focuses on warming and dispersing dryness.

What are some good Chinese medicine prescriptions for autumn respiratory diseases? Qi Wensheng said that if respiratory diseases occur and symptoms such as dry cough and fever occur, you should seek medical attention in time and take some Chinese medicine. If the main symptom is itchy throat, you can use prescriptions such as Sangjuyin; if the main symptom is dry throat, you can use prescriptions such as Sangyetang; if there are symptoms of external cold, you can use prescriptions such as Xingsusan.