What can routine urine tests reveal?

Urinalysis is a common clinical examination. The reason is that many kidney diseases initially manifest as urine protein, which is most likely a part of the urine sediment. The disease is diagnosed by abnormal urine composition. The examination content is also relatively large, and judgments are made through various items to achieve the purpose of diagnosis. Let us now understand what a routine urine test can detect?

1. What is a routine urine test?

Urinalysis is one of the three major routine items in current medical examinations. Many kidney diseases are manifested as obvious changes in urine, including the presence of protein or sediment in the urine. This indicator can be used to judge the patient's systemic diseases and diseases in other organs of the body that affect urine changes, such as blood diseases, liver and gallbladder diseases, diabetes, etc. It has a positive reference value for the diagnosis of the disease, and can also be used as a reference indicator for the patient's disease treatment results to judge the corresponding symptoms, with significant application value.

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1. Contents and items of urine routine examination

Urine protein test is a key project. It can accurately diagnose the patient's condition and promptly detect kidney diseases, such as nephrotic syndrome, chronic nephritis, acute nephritis, etc., which may show positive urine protein. It also has a certain diagnostic significance for kidney damage caused by systemic diseases, such as diabetes, hypertension, etc., which cause kidney damage and urine protein. Some physiological reasons may also cause this situation, such as high-protein diet, exercise, etc., and even women may show positive urine protein when they have inflammation, but the symptoms usually last for a relatively short time and need further examination.

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Urine occult blood test usually shows blood in the patient's urine. During the examination, the patient may show positive urine occult blood or positive red blood cells. This type of situation usually indicates urinary tract infection, nephritis or kidney stones. Some women may also show positive urine occult blood in routine urine tests before and after menstruation. Therefore, during the examination, women should try to avoid examination within three days before and after menstruation.

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The focus of urine leukocyte examination is to observe whether the patient has a urinary tract infection. When the patient's urine leukocyte test is positive, it is necessary to first analyze whether the patient himself has a urinary tract infection. Some patients may have leukocytes in their urine due to infection, especially women. For example, during a urine test, women usually have leucorrhea mixed with urine during the test, which affects the diagnosis results and requires greater attention.

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1. What diseases can urine routine test detect?

Metabolic system diseases and blood diseases. During the routine urine examination, the patient's condition can be analyzed based on the results. For example, permissive diseases, hepatitis, hemolytic diseases, urinary tract infections, lymphatic vessel lesions, stones, etc., can all be obtained from the routine urine examination. If there are red blood cells in the patient's results, the patient may have anemia, uremia, renal cortical necrosis, etc. If the test results are positive for bilirubin, it means that the patient may have stem cell or obstructive jaundice.

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Drug-induced kidney disease: some nephrotoxic drugs may affect the patient's kidney function during use, such as sulfonamides. Therefore, routine urine tests can provide timely feedback on adverse reactions caused by drugs, which is helpful for the treatment of patients' diseases.

1. Precautions for routine urine examination

During the routine urine test, the time period for urine collection should be reasonable. Urine is usually divided into front, middle and back sections according to the order. The front and back sections of urine are easily contaminated. Therefore, the middle section of urine should be selected as much as possible during the urine collection process to ensure the quality of urine. At the same time, for women, the menstrual period should be avoided during the examination to avoid mixing of menstrual blood and urine and ensure that the examination results are not affected.

During the urine routine examination, a reasonable container should be selected, and the container must be kept clean and dry. Usually, the hospital will provide patients with disposable test tubes and urine cups. After obtaining the urine, it needs to be sent to the laboratory for examination in time, usually not more than 2 hours. If the time is too long, it may cause the glucose in the urine to decompose, and its tubular shape may also be damaged, which will affect the final test results. For children, it is necessary to ensure that the urine volume exceeds 20ml as much as possible, and try to choose the first urine in the morning. It needs to be sent for examination within half an hour. For women, the vagina needs to be cleaned in advance during the urine collection process to ensure that the genitals are clean, avoid bacteria, leucorrhea, etc. to contaminate the urine, and improve the accuracy of the test results.

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During the urine routine test, you should try to ensure that the urine container is not contaminated. Usually, the first urination in the morning has a relatively high concentration, and its test results are more accurate. In the process of collecting urine, you should ensure that the amount of water you drink is reasonable, avoid drinking water all the time, and avoid diluting the urine and affecting the test results. During the urine collection process, you should try to stay quiet. You cannot collect urine on an empty stomach or after exercise. This situation can cause an increase in urine protein. In addition, you need to quit drinking and smoking. You should not eat too much spicy and greasy food recently. Inform the doctor in advance about your recent diet and factors that may affect the test results. If the patient has taken related medications recently, you need to inform the doctor. Whether it is a man or a woman, the urethra needs to be cleaned during the examination to avoid the influence of semen or vaginal secretions on the test results and ensure the test results.

Conclusion **:**In summary, urine routine test is a common examination method in clinical practice. Most kidney diseases or other types of diseases may have urine protein in the early stages, and it may also be a component of urine sediment. Therefore, urine routine test can clarify the existence of the disease and determine the type of disease in the patient. According to the urine color, pH, white blood cells, red blood cells, etc., the test and analysis can be carried out to clarify the patient's symptoms. It has high clinical application value and is worthy of clinical application.