How is cervical cancer caused?

There are many causes of cervical cancer. It may be due to too frequent sexual intercourse, too early sexual intercourse and early pregnancy, which are all factors that cause cervical cancer. At the same time, unclean sexual intercourse and too many sexual partners are also the main factors that lead to cervical cancer. Therefore, if we want to avoid the occurrence of cervical cancer, we need to pay attention to the hygiene of the uterus and then take relevant preventive measures.

(1) Sexual life, marriage, and pregnancy factors

The incidence of cervical cancer in women who have early sexual activity (referring to women who have sexual activity before the age of 18) is four times higher than that in women who start sexual activity after the age of 18. If a woman starts sexual life early and suffers from sexually transmitted diseases such as syphilis and gonorrhea, her incidence rate will be 6 times higher than that of normal women. It has been proven that women who have sexual relations with multiple men have a higher chance of developing cervical cancer. This may be because the lower reproductive tract of prepubertal women is not yet mature and is more sensitive to the stimulation of carcinogenic factors. If they start sexual life at an early age, once they are infected by certain bacteria or viruses, they are likely to develop cancer.

(2) Exogenous factors

The incidence of cervical cancer among Jews is low. Research suggests that the reason may be related to the Jewish custom of removing the circumcision of male babies after birth. However, some people also believe that cervical cancer is rare among uncircumcised Jewish women. There is currently a lack of experimental data to prove that circumcision can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer, although Nahmos has isolated the HSV-2 virus from the smegma of men.

(3) Endocrine factors

Whether sex hormones promote the occurrence of cervical cancer has also been a topic of research for many years. Animal experiments have successfully used estrogen to induce squamous cell carcinoma in mice, but there is no conclusive evidence that exogenous estrogen can induce cervical cancer in humans.

(4) Sexually transmitted diseases

Before the 1960s, it was believed that patients with syphilis had a high incidence of cervical cancer, but direct evidence that syphilis causes cervical cancer has not been found to date. Trichomonas vaginitis often coexists with cervical precancerous lesions or cervical cancer. Parfen et al. found that women with atypical cervical hyperplasia and Trichomonas vaginitis have an increased chance of developing invasive cancer, and have successfully infected animals with Trichomonas to induce cervical cancer. However, both are sexually transmitted diseases and can coexist. In addition, the vaginal acidity of patients with atypical cervical hyperplasia is often alkaline, which is conducive to the growth of Trichomonas. Therefore, it cannot be confirmed that Trichomonas infection is also the cause of cervical cancer.