Dysmenorrhea during non-menstrual periods

If you experience dysmenorrhea outside of your period, it is most likely caused by some gynecological diseases, the most common of which is adnexitis. Adnexitis is a disease caused by infection. If it is not treated in time and the condition becomes serious, it may even lead to infertility in women. Below, we will introduce the causes, clinical manifestations and treatments of adnexitis in detail!

1. Causes

Adnexitis is a common disease caused by pathogenic microorganisms invading the reproductive organs and causing infection of the fallopian tubes and ovaries. This disease can occur in both unmarried and married women, and is often associated with pelvic connective tissue inflammation clinically. Adnexitis can cause fallopian tube atresia, leading to infertility and inducing other complications.

2. Clinical manifestations

Clinically it is divided into acute and chronic types.

1. Acute adnexitis

The main symptom is acute lower abdominal pain accompanied by fever. During gynecological examination, there is obvious tenderness and rebound pain in the adnexal area. Routine blood tests can show an increased white blood cell count and a significantly increased neutrophil ratio. If acute adnexitis is not treated promptly or thoroughly, it may turn into chronic adnexitis.

2. Chronic adnexitis

There are abdominal pains of varying degrees. Chronic inflammation recurs over time, causing pelvic congestion, connective tissue fibrosis, and adhesion of pelvic organs. Patients experience symptoms such as lower abdominal distension, pain, and lumbar pain, which may be mild or severe, accompanied by increased vaginal discharge, low back pain, menstrual disorders, etc., and often worsen during menstruation or after fatigue. During gynecological examination, there is tenderness, thickening, or a tender mass in the adnexal area on both sides or one side, and the white blood cell count is elevated or normal. Some symptoms are sometimes not very obvious, but because the fallopian tubes and ovaries are adjacent to each other, it is difficult to distinguish when inflammation occurs. In particular, chronic inflammation of the fallopian tubes can lead to fibrosis, thickening and blockage of the fallopian tubes over time, and may also cause adhesion to surrounding tissues. If both ends of the fallopian tube are blocked, hydrosalpinx may form, and the accumulated water will penetrate into the ovaries that are adhered together, forming a fallopian tube ovarian cyst. It can easily cause infertility or ectopic pregnancy.

Treatment

1. Medication

Appropriate anti-inflammatory drugs can be used for symptomatic treatment.

2. Surgery

If conservative treatment is ineffective for acute adnexitis, surgical treatment should be considered. If chronic adnexitis cannot be cured for a long time and hydrosalpinx is formed, surgical treatment should also be chosen.

3. Physical therapy

There are also many types of physical therapy, such as laser, microwave, iontophoresis, etc.