Endometrial growth rate

The growth rate of the endometrium is not very fast. That is why female friends should take good care of their bodies and not do things that will damage their endometrium, such as frequent abortions. This will cause the endometrial wall to become thinner and thinner, and eventually there will be no way to have normal childbirth. You can also eat some foods that supplement nutrients to increase the growth rate of the endometrium.

The endometrium (uterine endometrium) refers to the layer that makes up the inner wall of the mammalian uterus. It responds to both estrogen and progesterone and can therefore change significantly with the sexual cycle (estrus cycle, menstrual cycle).

The endometrium is divided into three layers: the compact layer, the spongy layer, and the basal layer. The dense layer and spongy layer of the 2/3 endometrial surface are collectively called the functional layer, which are shed periodically under the influence of ovarian sex hormones. The basal layer is the 1/3 of the endometrium close to the myometrium. It is not affected by ovarian hormones and does not undergo cyclical changes.

The mechanism of PCD in the endometrium is still unclear, but it is related to the cyclic changes in ovarian steroid hormones. The estrogen and progesterone receptors of the endometrium act as a transcription factor to regulate the expression of genes related to estrogen and progesterone, thereby causing proliferation and secretory changes in the endometrium. At the same time, some polypeptide growth factors and their receptors synthesized by the uterus, such as EGF, PDGF, IGF-1, IGF-2, etc., may be the mediators of the effects of estrogen, promoting cell proliferation and differentiation.

Through immunocytochemistry technology, it was found that the human uterus produces cell death inhibitory factors such as BCL-2 as early as the embryonic period. The expression of BCL-2 in adult endometrium is mainly in interstitial cells and changes periodically, reaching a peak in the late proliferative stage, decreasing in the early secretory stage, and disappearing in the late secretory stage and during menstruation. Therefore, it is speculated that the disappearance of BCL-2 in the late secretory phase and menstrual period is closely related to the death of endometrial cells and the occurrence of menstruation.

Endometrial cytokines

⒈ Epidermal growth factor and its receptor: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is mainly distributed in the uterine cavity epithelium, glandular epithelium and stromal cells, and shows periodic changes. Its physiological effects are: ①

Stimulate the proliferation of endometrial glandular epithelium and stroma, and cause stroma differentiation under the synergistic effect of progesterone; ②

It acts on receptors on the cell surface, rapidly stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation, and promotes the release of PGE2 from the endometrium.

⒉ Platelet-derived growth factor: Platelet-derived growth factor is mainly derived from endometrial stromal cells. It can stimulate the proliferation of interstitial cells themselves or adjacent epithelial cells, thus having autocrine and paracrine effects. At the same time, PDGF can enhance the cell proliferation effect of EGF.

⒊ Insulin-like growth factor: Through in situ hybridization technology, it was found that the mRNA of insulin-like hybrid factors (IGF-1, IGF-2) is widely distributed in the endometrial epithelium, stromal and myometrial cells, and its synthesis is regulated by estrogen rather than progesterone.