What to do about infertility

Children are the fruit of a couple's love, so many newlyweds want a child quickly after marriage, so that the family will be filled with laughter and joy. However, sometimes it is particularly difficult to conceive. Difficulty in conceiving is not only a physical problem for women, but also has a certain relationship with men. Therefore, when checking for infertility, both parties should be checked. So what should be done about infertility?

1. Early symptoms

1. Menstrual abnormalities: changes in the menstrual cycle: early or delayed menstruation; excessive or insufficient menstrual flow; prolonged menstruation; amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, and irregular vaginal bleeding.

2. Breast and secretion abnormalities: Milk leaks out of the breasts spontaneously or after squeezing during the non-lactating period. This often indicates hypothalamic insufficiency, pituitary tumors, prolactinomas, primary hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure and other diseases. It can also be caused by taking contraceptives and antihypertensive drugs such as reserpines. Galactorrhea is often accompanied by amenorrhea, leading to infertility.

3. Vaginitis causes increased vaginal discharge, adnexal swelling, thickening and tenderness.

4. Symptoms before and after menstruation: A small number of women experience a series of symptoms before and after menstruation, such as breast swelling, headache, diarrhea, edema, fever, oral erosion, facial acne, urticaria, depression or irritability. These symptoms are often caused by endocrine disorders and luteal insufficiency, which can often lead to infertility.

5. Endometrial retardation, uterine hypoplasia and malformation.

6. Severe malnutrition, abnormal body shape and body mass index (BMI), i.e. weight (kg)/height (m2), etc.

2. Clinical manifestations

1. Sexually transmitted diseases and infertility

Diseases transmitted through sexual intercourse are generally referred to as diseases, including gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia infection, mycoplasma infection and toxoplasmosis infection. Some of these diseases can cause fallopian tube obstruction, some can cause endometritis, uterine muscle wall damage, endocrine dysfunction, etc., leading to infertility; some can cause damage to important organs and endanger life; some can cause miscarriage, premature birth or stillbirth during pregnancy.

2. Immune infertility

Under normal sexual life conditions, the body produces spontaneous immunity to any link in the reproductive process, delaying conception for more than two years, which is called immune infertility. Immune infertility can be divided into broad and narrow meanings. In a broad sense, immune infertility refers to the body's immunity to any tissue antigen in the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary (testis) axis. Women may experience anovulation and amenorrhea, while men may experience a decrease in sperm count or reduced sperm motility. The immune infertility usually referred to is in a narrow sense, that is, the infertile couples are normal in all aspects except for anti-sperm immunity or anti-zona pellucida immunity.

3. Endocrine disorders and infertility

1. Ovulation disorders and ovulation induction treatment The establishment of a normal ovulation cycle requires normal function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis. Dysfunction in any of these parts may lead to anovulation, thus causing amenorrhea, infrequent menstruation, functional uterine bleeding, etc., leading to infertility.

2. Amenorrhea There are many reasons for amenorrhea. However, from the perspective of infertility, the most important thing is to determine the extent of amenorrhea in order to induce ovulation and achieve pregnancy.