Bright red blood flowing below

Vaginal bleeding is one of the most common gynecological diseases. Except for normal menstruation, there will be no bleeding in the female reproductive organs. However, it is possible that the rupture of the hymen, damage to the uterus or uterine contraction may cause vaginal bleeding in patients. Vaginal bleeding includes many factors and types, which need to be slowly adjusted after finding the cause.

It can cause uterine bleeding. For example, anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding and ovulatory menstrual disorders are both caused by ovarian endocrine dysfunction, which is usually called "irregular menstruation". In addition, uterine bleeding can also occur due to the rupture of ovarian follicles and a temporary drop in estrogen levels between menstruation periods.

2. Uterine bleeding related to pregnancy

Common causes include miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, gestational trophoblastic disease, etc., which are often manifested as vaginal bleeding after menopause. In addition, partial placental retention, placental polyps and poor uterine involution can all lead to postpartum vaginal bleeding.

3. Genital inflammation

Such as vulvar ulcers, vaginitis, cervicitis, cervical polyps, endometrial polyps, endometritis and pelvic inflammatory disease.

4. Genital tumors

Uterine fibroids are common benign tumors that cause vaginal bleeding. Ovarian tumors that have the function of secreting estrogen can also cause vaginal bleeding. Other genital tumors that cause vaginal bleeding are mostly malignant, such as vulvar cancer, vaginal cancer, cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine sarcoma, choriocarcinoma, etc.

5. Injury, foreign bodies, and exogenous hormones

Reproductive tract trauma such as vulvar and vaginal straddling injuries, and damage to the hymen or vagina caused by sexual intercourse can all cause bleeding; the placement of an intrauterine contraceptive device also often leads to abnormal uterine bleeding; in addition, improper use of exogenous hormones such as estrogen or progesterone can also cause irregular uterine bleeding.

6. Vaginal bleeding related to systemic disease

Diseases such as thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, leukemia, and liver damage can all lead to uterine bleeding.

Its specific clinical manifestations are as follows:

1. Increased menstrual flow: manifested as heavy menstrual flow or prolonged menstrual period, but the cycle is basically normal, which is a typical symptom of uterine fibroids. Other conditions such as adenomyosis, ovulatory menstrual disorders, and intrauterine contraceptive device placement can also cause increased menstrual flow.

2. Irregular vaginal bleeding: mostly anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding, but it can also be caused by early endometrial cancer.

3. Long-term continuous vaginal bleeding without any discernible cycle: It is usually caused by reproductive tract malignancies, and the possibility of cervical cancer or endometrial cancer should be considered first.

4. Vaginal bleeding after menopause: If it occurs in women of childbearing age, pregnancy-related diseases should be considered first, such as miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, hydatidiform mole, etc.; if it occurs in perimenopausal women, it is mostly anovulatory dysfunctional uterine bleeding, but it may also be caused by reproductive tract malignant tumors.