How to identify hydatidiform mole in early pregnancy

How to determine whether it is a hydatidiform mole? Many women who are pregnant in the early stages of pregnancy are very unfamiliar with hydatidiform mole, because it is relatively rare in our daily lives. Generally, it only occurs when a woman is pregnant and due to changes in the fetus. So, what are the early symptoms of hydatidiform mole?

How to identify hydatidiform mole

1. Vaginal bleeding after menopause. Most patients experience irregular vaginal bleeding 2 to 4 months after menopause. The amount is small at the beginning and it is easy to be misdiagnosed as threatened abortion. Then it gradually increases, and there is often repeated heavy bleeding. Sometimes small blister-like tissue can be discharged spontaneously, which can cause shock and even death.

2. Abdominal pain. When the molar pregnancy grows rapidly and the uterus expands rapidly, it can cause lower abdominal distension and pain. When the hydatidiform mole is about to be expelled, there will be paroxysmal pain in the lower abdomen due to uterine contractions.

(1) The uterus becomes abnormally enlarged and loose due to villus edema and intrauterine blood accumulation. The uterus of most patients with hydatidiform mole is larger than the normal uterus of a relatively long pregnancy and is too soft in color. In 1/3 of patients, the size of the uterus is consistent with amenorrhea. Only a very small number of cases are lower than the menopausal month, which may be due to the degenerative lesions of the small blisters and the termination of the development trend.

(2) Symptoms of pregnancy nausea and vomiting and gestational hypertension Because the proliferating trophoblasts produce a lot of HCG, nausea and vomiting are usually more common than in normal pregnancy. Because the uterus of patients with hydatidiform mole grows faster and the intrauterine tension is high, pregnancy-induced hypertension syndrome may occur in the middle and early stages of pregnancy, and even subacute heart failure or eclampsia may occur.

(3) Uterine and ovarian lutein cysts. Due to the stimulation of a large amount of HCG, patients with hydatidiform mole usually have multiple cysts on both sides or one side of the uterus and ovaries. Generally no symptoms are caused, but occasionally subacute distortion causes acute abdominal pain. After the hydatidiform mole is eliminated, the lutein cyst can disappear on its own. Lutein cysts can store a lot of HCG, so after the mole is expelled and combined with a large lutein cyst, the blood and urine HCG levels of patients disappear more slowly than those of ordinary patients.

(4) A very small number of patients with hydatidiform mole have mild hyperthyroidism, with elevated blood thyroxine concentrations, but only about 2% have significant clinical symptoms of hyperthyroidism. Symptoms subside quickly after the hydatidiform mole is eliminated.

Common problems in the treatment of hydatidiform mole

Follow-up of patients with hydatidiform mole has a 10% to 20% chance of worsening, so patients should be followed up regularly. In particular, following up on the changes in HCG in urine or blood can detect the deterioration trend in the early stage, which is very important for the prognosis of the disease.

After medical abortion of hydatidiform mole and curettage, urine must be checked once a week until the urine pregnancy test is negative, then once a month, and once every three months after half a year, with at least 2 years of follow-up. During the follow-up period, the doctor should continue to take contraceptive measures and pay attention to his/her own symptoms. If irregular vaginal bleeding or hemoptysis occurs, the doctor should be consulted immediately. Anti-infection, blood-activating and other therapeutic drugs should be used continuously according to the doctor's instructions. Contraceptive measures: No sexual intercourse or sitz baths within one month.

After hydatidiform mole, normal sexual life is encouraged, and at the same time, contraceptive measures are required to be taken carefully and adhere to for 2 years to prevent pregnancy again and aggravate the difficulty of diagnosis. Contraceptive measures should include condoms and vaginal diaphragms. Workers should avoid heavy physical work and can engage in moderate activity. After hospitalization, patients can carry out some physical activities according to their physical fitness, such as strolling, running, Tai Chi, etc., and do some meaningful housework so that they do not feel tired without realizing it, and ensure adequate sleep. Emotions should maintain a stable mood and attitude to enhance disease resistance.