Cervical cancer staging and treatment

Cervical cancer is a serious disease that will affect the patient's physical health. Patients need to cooperate with doctors for treatment in a timely manner. The chance of recovery is relatively high in the early stages, but it is difficult to cure in the late stages. Cervical cancer is divided into early, middle and late stages. Each stage is divided according to its symptoms. The treatment methods for each stage are different. Patients need to understand the contents of this article.

How is cervical cancer staged?

Female friends may wonder how cervical cancer is staged. In fact, clinically, it is divided into four stages based on the symptoms of cervical cancer.

Phase I

Cancerous tissue is confined to the epithelial layer of the cervix and has not broken through the basement membrane, which is called carcinoma in situ. Stage 1 cancer is confined to the cervix.

(1) Stage Ia: No cancer lesions are visible to the naked eye, and invasive cancer is only visible under a microscope. The deepest depth of interstitial infiltration is 5 mm and the width is less than 7 mm.

Stage Ia1: The depth of interstitial invasion is less than 3 mm and the width is less than 7 mm.

Stage Ⅰa2: The depth of interstitial infiltration is less than 3-5 mm and the width is less than 7 mm.

(2) Stage Ib: Clinically, the cancer is confined to the cervix, and superficial invasive cancer is visible to the naked eye.

Stage Ib1: The clinical cancer lesion diameter is ≤ 4 cm.

Stage Ib2: The clinical cancer lesion diameter is >4 cm.

Phase II

The cancer has extended beyond the cervix but has not reached the pelvic wall. The cancer involves the vagina but does not reach the lower one-third of the vagina.

(1) Stage IIa: Cancer mainly involves the vagina, with no obvious parauterine infiltration.

(2) Stage IIb: Cancer mainly involves the periuterine area, with no obvious vaginal invasion.

Phase III

The cancer extends beyond the cervix, the vaginal infiltration has reached the lower 1/3, the parauterine infiltration has reached the pelvic wall, and there is hydronephrosis or renal asthenia (hydronephrosis or renal asthenia caused by reasons other than cancer should be excluded).

(1) Stage IIIa: Cancer mainly affects the vagina and has reached the lower third.

(2) Stage IIIb: The cancer mainly affects the area surrounding the uterus and has reached the pelvic wall or there is renal pelvic blockage or kidney dysfunction.

Stage IV

Cancer cells have spread beyond the true pelvis or have invaded the bladder and rectal mucosa.

(1) Stage IVa: Cancer cells infiltrate the bladder mucosa or rectal mucosa.

(2) Stage IVb: Cancer cells have infiltrated beyond the true pelvis and have distant metastases.

Generally, we call stages 0 and 1 the early stages of cervical cancer. Different stages have different treatments. It is recommended to receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a local doctor to avoid delaying the disease.

What causes cervical cancer?

The rapid development of society has led to increasing pressure on women. Some women do not pay attention to personal hygiene, which has led to various diseases. Cervical cancer is a relatively serious malignant disease. So, what causes cervical cancer?

1. Pathogen Causes

In fact, many pathogens are closely related to cervical cancer and often cause the disease, especially human papillomavirus (HPV), herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

2. Inflammation and trauma of the cervix

Generally speaking, this is also an important factor leading to the occurrence of disease. The presence of cervical erosion and the trauma of childbirth can aggravate reproductive tract infection and increase the risk of cervical cancer.

3. Sexual promiscuity and STDs

Some surveys and studies have shown that sexual promiscuity plays an important role in the cause of cervical cancer. Those who start sexual life before the age of 15 or have more than 6 sexual partners have a 10-fold increased risk of cervical cancer. Male sexual promiscuity also increases the risk of disease in their spouse.

4. Reasons for marriage and childbearing

Sperm is one of the causes of cervical cancer. Semen has a strong promoting effect on the squamous epithelium of the cervix. Especially in adolescent girls, the cervical epithelium is in a highly sensitive period, and the inducement of semen is more dangerous. In addition, according to epidemiological surveys, only 10% of nulliparous women suffer from cervical cancer; the earlier the age of first childbirth, the higher the incidence of cervical cancer.

Can cervical cancer be cured?

Cervical cancer Cervical cancer refers to a malignant tumor that occurs in the vaginal part of the uterus and the cervical canal. It is one of the common malignant tumors in women and it is the only cancer whose cause has been found so far. Early cervical cancer can be cured with appropriate treatment. Generally speaking, early cervical cancer tumors are small and have not spread or metastasized. The most effective treatment is surgical resection, and chemotherapy is not required after resection.

Experts suggest that as long as the physical condition of cervical cancer patients allows, surgery is recommended. If the cancer has spread in the late stage, resection is unnecessary. Traditional Chinese medicine can be chosen for conservative treatment to enhance the body's immunity and control the development of cancer cells.

Summary: After reading the above article, I believe everyone has a better understanding of how cervical cancer is staged. Early cervical cancer has no symptoms, but the early stage is the easiest to cure, so female friends must undergo regular physical examinations so that early detection and early treatment can be achieved.