What tests are needed for female infertility

I believe that everyone must be very familiar with the situation of infertility. Infertility brings many troubles to the family, so we recommend that our readers need to learn more about infertility knowledge. Once the symptoms of infertility appear, go to the hospital for consultation in time. So how should female friends check for infertility? Below we will introduce to you what examinations are needed for female infertility.

(1) Tubal insufflation is relatively blind and it is difficult to make a more accurate judgment on the morphology and function of the fallopian tubes. However, it can be used as a screening test because the method is simple. The examination should be performed 3 to 7 days after the end of menstruation, when there is no gynecological inflammation or sexual intercourse.

(2) Ultrasound-guided hydrosalpinx surgery (SSG) allows the observation of changes in the sound and image of fluid (special ultrasound diagnostic contrast agents can also be used) flowing through the fallopian tubes under ultrasound monitoring. It does not have the blindness of traditional fallopian tube insufflation, and its compliance rate with laparoscopy is 81.8%. It does not cause damage to the uterus and fallopian tube mucosa, and has mild side effects. The operation method is similar to that of fallopian tube insufflation, and B-ultrasound is used for full monitoring before, during and after the injection of liquid. Result assessment: Patency: An echo-free area is formed in the uterine cavity and moves toward the bilateral fallopian tubes, and a liquid dark area is visible in the posterior fornix. Unsmooth: There is resistance when pushing the liquid. Repeated push with slight pressure will see the liquid flow through the fallopian tube, and a dark liquid area can be seen in the posterior fornix. Obstruction: There is great resistance to push injection, and the dark area in the uterine cavity is enlarged. The patient complains of abdominal pain, and no fluid dark area is seen in the posterior fornix.

(3) Hysterosalpingography (HSG) also provides a more comprehensive understanding of the uterine cavity and can identify lesions as small as 5 mm in size within the uterine cavity. It is easy to perform. The contrast agent can be 40% iodized oil or 76% diatrizoate; there is a possibility of iodine allergy, and a skin test is required before surgery. The patient lies supine on the X-ray examination table, and the contrast agent diatrizoate is injected into the uterine cavity. First take the first film to understand the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, continue to inject contrast agent and take the second film at the same time to observe whether the contrast agent enters the pelvic cavity and diffuses in the pelvic cavity; if iodized oil is used, take the second film 24 hours later. The accuracy of analyzing the patency of the fallopian tubes based on the radiographs is 80%.

(4) During the hysteroscopic tubal catheterization and perfusion test, the interstitial part often appears to be obstructed due to spasm, residual tissue debris, mild adhesions and scars. Under direct vision of the hysteroscope, catheterization or angiography from the fallopian tube to the uterine cavity opening can directly clear and irrigate the interstitial part, which is a reliable method for diagnosing and treating tubal interstitial obstruction.

(5) Laparoscopic examination allows direct visualization of the pelvic organs and can comprehensively, accurately, and timely determine the nature and extent of lesions in each organ. The endoscopic permeability test can dynamically observe the patency of the fallopian tubes and at the same time play a role in clearing the fallopian tube lumen. It is one of the best means of detecting female infertility.

2. Examination of infertility due to ovulatory dysfunction

Determine anovulation and its cause. The basal body temperature (BBT) measurement chart can help determine whether ovulation has occurred and the length of the luteal phase. A basal body temperature increase of 0.5 to 1.0 degrees indicates the presence or absence of ovulation. Although this test is simple and low-cost, it requires a lot of effort on the part of the patient, and about 20% of cases with a single temperature test show ovulation when tested by other methods. The second method to determine whether ovulation has occurred is urine LH measurement, which is conducted between the 10th and 16th days of menstruation (most patients ovulate during this window period). The detection of LH peak is more accurate than BBT measurement, but the cost of LH measurement is relatively high. The presence of LH indicates the possibility of ovulation, but some patients may experience LH peak but do not ovulate, which may be related to the luteinized unruptured follicle syndrome. Other methods for detecting ovulation include: measuring the level of progesterone in the mid-luteal phase (P greater than 3ng/ml), the appearance of mature follicles in the mid-cycle (1.6-2.2cm), pelvic free fluid during ovulation, and endometrial biopsy (day 1 of menstruation or day 23 of the cycle) showing secretory changes in the endometrium.

In the above article, we introduced a common symptom, which is infertility. We know that infertility will bring many troubles to patients, so we must pay attention to this symptom. The above article introduces in detail what examinations are needed for female infertility.