In this fast-paced, high-pressure modern life, breast diseases are quietly becoming a major hidden danger threatening women's health. Modern urban women are under great work pressure, and irregular work and rest schedules and poor sleep lead to endocrine disorders. The age of onset of breast diseases is getting younger and the incidence rate is on the rise.

As the saying goes, "prevention is better than cure." Today, Hunan Women and Children's Hospital will provide comprehensive popular science on how to effectively prevent breast diseases to safeguard your health.

What are the common breast diseases?

1. Breast hyperplasia

Breast hyperplasia is a common breast disease, which often occurs in women aged 20-45 years old. Its main manifestations are breast lumps, breast pain, etc. The cause of breast hyperplasia is related to endocrine disorders, mental stress, lifestyle habits and other factors.

Symptoms: Nodules and lumps appear in the breasts, which are hard and tender to the touch. Breast pain is especially noticeable before menstruation.

2. Breast fibroids

The occurrence of breast fibroids is related to female hormone metabolism disorders, as well as mental stress, environmental pollution and other factors.

Symptoms: Single or multiple lumps appear in the breast, which are hard, smooth and movable.

3. Breast cyst

Breast cysts are fluid-filled cystic structures in the breast. Most of them are benign and common in women of childbearing age. They are related to the menstrual cycle and may change with the menstrual cycle.

Symptoms: A round or oval lump in the breast that is soft, has clear borders, is movable, and is usually painless or slightly tender.

4. Acute mastitis

Mastitis is a common disease in women during lactation. It not only affects and harms pregnant women, but also has a great impact on children. Most cases occur in primiparas who are less than one month old. It is a common breast disease. The pathogenic bacteria are mostly Staphylococcus aureus, and streptococci are rare.

5. Granulomatous mastitis

Granulomatous mastitis is an autoimmune disease that may be triggered by infection, trauma, chemical stimulation, etc.

Symptoms: breast pain, swelling, skin ulcers or pus discharge, nipple discharge, breast nodules, etc.

The clinical diagnosis summary can be summarized into three "3s":

The course of the disease is about 3 months;

Age of onset: 30 years old;

The last birth was about 3 years ago.

6. Breast cancer

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, and its incidence increases with age. There may be no obvious symptoms in the early stages of breast cancer, but as the disease progresses, symptoms such as breast lumps, skin dimpling, and nipple discharge may appear.

Symptoms: Painless, ill-defined lumps in the breast, dimpling or peel-of-orange changes in the skin, nipple discharge, especially bloody discharge, and sudden changes in breast size or shape.

How to prevent breast diseases?

1. Avoid obesity: stick to aerobic exercise and maintain a healthy weight;

2. Eat a healthy diet: do not smoke, limit or avoid drinking alcohol, avoid eating moldy food, do not eat fried, pickled, or grilled food, eat less processed meat, drink less sugary drinks, drink tea in moderation, and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits;

3. Manage emotions: If a person is in a state of depression, depression, and tension for a long time, it will lead to a decline in immune function and ultimately affect our physical health;

4. Rational use of sex hormone drugs: Do not use health products or skin care products containing sex hormones on your own;

5. Regular work and rest schedule: Lack of sleep will affect ovarian function and cause endocrine disorders, leading to abnormal estrogen levels in the body and increasing the risk of breast cancer.

6. Breast cleaning: Avoid using hot water to irritate the breasts when bathing, and avoid soaking in hot water for a long time.

Learn to self-check:

Many female friends have questions about how to detect breast diseases early. In this regard, Professor Mao Jie of the Breast Department of Hunan Women and Children's Hospital also introduced the three steps of self-examination of breasts to female friends: look, touch and pinch.

1. Look and see if the breasts are different in size, whether there are depressions on the surface, skin changes, thickening, etc.;

2. Touch the breast in a certain direction, such as clockwise, from the outside to the outside, and from the inside to the inside, and touch it in an orderly manner to check for abnormal thickening or lumps;

3. Pinch and squeeze the nipple appropriately to check for abnormal secretions, such as yellow pus, dark red, brown, or tan liquid. If the above secretions appear, it is recommended to go to the hospital for a detailed examination as soon as possible.

What are the common breast examination methods?

1. Ultrasound examination:

Ultrasound examination is simple to perform, does not require special preparation, and can quickly obtain real-time images of breast tissue. Compared with X-ray examination, ultrasound examination does not cause radiation and is safer for patients, especially young women and pregnant women.

2. Molybdenum target examination:

Mammography is a painless, simple, high-resolution examination that can detect breast lumps that cannot be felt. It is particularly suitable for large breasts and fatty breasts, and has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Hunan Medical Chat Special Author: Tian Jiahui, Hunan Women and Children's Hospital

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(Edited by Wx)