Can cancer be prevented?

Tumors are abnormal new organisms formed under the action of various carcinogenic factors. They can be divided into benign and malignant. Malignant tumors seriously threaten human health. Can they be prevented? With the advancement of medical technology, tumors, like hypertension and diabetes, have gradually become preventable and treatable chronic diseases. The three-level prevention principle of tumors.

What is tertiary cancer prevention?

The primary prevention target is people who are not sick and intervene in risk factors.

The target of secondary prevention is early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of high-risk groups.

The goal of tertiary prevention is to improve the quality of life and survival time of cancer patients.

What are the specific contents and measures of tertiary cancer prevention?

1. Primary prevention of cancer :

Etiology prevention. Strict management and restrictions are imposed on known tumor risk factors that must be encountered in the workplace, and risk factors are controlled through legal means, such as relevant occupational disease prevention and control laws and various related training assessments.

1. Reduce and eliminate exposure to tumor risk factors, and provide protection and monitoring

Control chemical, physical and biological carcinogenic factors, strengthen the detection of environmental carcinogens, reduce the contact between people and the environment, strengthen occupational protection and have regular physical examinations.

2. Improve your lifestyle

Quit smoking, quit drinking or limit alcohol. Eat a healthy and reasonable diet, such as eating less smoked, pickled, fried, grilled and deeply processed foods, avoid eating moldy and spoiled foods, control fat and protein intake, encourage food diversification, vegetables, fruits, and crude fiber foods. Exercise regularly according to age and physical condition.

3. Application of vaccines

Vaccinations, such as HPV and hepatitis B vaccines, to prevent cervical cancer and liver cancer.

2. Secondary Prevention of Cancer

Universal screening will screen high-risk groups for precancerous lesions or early tumors to ensure early detection, diagnosis and treatment.

1. Cancer screening

Cancers with high incidence and mortality rates and serious hazards in the region should be screened as much as possible, such as thyroid color Doppler ultrasound, breast physical examination, color Doppler ultrasound or mammography, liver, gallbladder and pancreas color Doppler ultrasound, rectal digital examination, cervical cytology, gastrointestinal endoscopy, serum tumor marker detection (alpha-fetoprotein, prostate antigen, carcinoembryonic antigen, Epstein-Barr virus, HPV, etc.).

2. Treatment of precancerous lesions

Precancerous lesions refer to pathological conditions in which the lesions themselves are not cancerous, but under the long-term effects of carcinogenic factors, some of them will develop into cancer. Examples include polyps and metaplasia in the esophagus, stomach, intestines, cervix, etc.; chronic atrophic gastritis, gastric corpus callosum ulcers; mucosal leukoplakia, chronic skin ulcers, fistulas and moles; liver cirrhosis; cervical erosion and eversion, etc.

3. Rational treatment of early-stage tumors

Standardized treatment can achieve radical cure of early tumors through radical surgery or radiotherapy and chemotherapy.

3. Tertiary Prevention of Cancer

Cancer has become an established fact. We need to improve the quality of life and prolong the life of patients diagnosed with cancer, control tumor growth, actively treat complications and pain, and provide humanistic care, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, endocrine therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, traditional Chinese medicine, pain relief, hospice care, and dignity preservation.

The relationship between the three levels of cancer prevention

Primary prevention of cancer does not mean not getting cancer through the above measures, but reducing the incidence of cancer or delaying the onset of cancer; secondary prevention means achieving cure through screening, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment; tertiary prevention refers to preventing the impact of cancer, such as various serious complications, rather than preventing the cancer itself.