2023 Medical Science Popularization - Uterine Fibroids

Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in the female reproductive organs. The exact cause is unknown, but it may be related to genetic susceptibility, sex hormone levels, and stem cell dysfunction. They are most common in women aged 30 to 50, and may shrink or disappear after menopause as sex hormone levels in the body decrease.

Uterine fibroids can be divided into three categories according to their location: ① Intramural fibroids, the most common, located in the myometrium. ② Subserosal fibroids, the second most common, located under the serosa, protruding from the surface of the uterus and covered by the serosa. ③ Submucosal fibroids, relatively rare, located under the mucosa, growing into the uterine cavity, and covered by the mucosa.

Both types ① and ② generally do not cause clinical symptoms. Some larger tumors may cause corresponding symptoms due to compression of surrounding tissues or organs; the third type is mostly accompanied by increased menstrual flow and prolonged menstruation, and some may prolapse into the vagina.

[Examination of uterine fibroids] Ultrasound is the first choice, which can show the size, number, location and relationship of the fibroids with surrounding tissues and organs; it is helpful for diagnosing uterine fibroids and distinguishing other pelvic masses. Secondly, diagnostic curettage is of great value for endometrial lesions. Furthermore, hysteroscopy can directly observe the morphology of the uterine cavity and the presence of vegetation, and it is also helpful for the diagnosis of submucosal fibroids. For a few suspected malignant cases, MRI enhancement is helpful for identification. In addition, through gynecological examinations, doctors can also roughly understand the size, texture, and adhesion of the uterus and masses to the surrounding tissues, and can also observe the tumors of the cervix and cervical opening.

[Treatment of uterine fibroids] needs to be considered comprehensively based on the patient's symptoms, age, fertility requirements, location, size, and nature of the fibroids. If the fibroids are small, the patient has no obvious symptoms, and there are no signs of malignant transformation, regular follow-up observation can be performed; otherwise, medication or surgical treatment can be given according to the doctor's advice. The doctor will choose the most appropriate treatment plan based on the patient's specific situation.

[Daily prevention of gynecological diseases] ① Exercise to strengthen your physique! ② Combine work and rest, and have a regular work and rest schedule! ③ Develop good personal hygiene habits, keep your vulva clean and dry, change your underwear frequently, and do not share bath towels, bathtubs, etc. ④ Try to avoid the adverse effects of artificial abortion. ⑤ Have regular physical examinations. Patients with gynecological symptoms such as abnormal menstruation should go to the hospital for treatment in a timely manner.