【Health Lecture】Two or three things to know about the prevention and treatment of hypertension

In order to ensure the popularization effect of learning health knowledge in the 3rd China Elderly Health Knowledge Competition, the organizers have collected various health science articles suitable for elderly people to learn from various hospitals. We will share them through the "Health Lecture Hall" column. Today, Yuan Yi and Zhang Yufang, head nurses of the Rehabilitation Department of Tongren People's Hospital, brought relevant popular science articles on the prevention and treatment of hypertension. Elderly friends are welcome to learn.

Lao Wang:

"Mr. Zhang, I went to check my blood pressure today. Is it high?"

Mr. Zhang:

"Not high, not high, only 150/97 mmHg. How about you, Lao Wang?"

Lao Wang:

"I'm also OK, 148/92mmHg"

At this time, a doctor passed by.

doctor:

"It would be strange if it wasn't high. Do you know what high blood pressure is? Do you know how harmful high blood pressure can be?"

Lao Wang:

"What are you afraid of? We are very busy every day. We have nothing to worry about. We enjoy everything we eat and we are in good health. Everything is going well for us."

doctor:

"Let our rehabilitation doctor give you some basic knowledge about the prevention and treatment of hypertension."

Hypertension is a clinical syndrome characterized by elevated systemic arterial pressure. Under the premise of non-drug control, systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg (≥140/90mmHg) is generally referred to as hypertension. Hypertension is a common chronic disease in clinical practice. With the rapid development of social economy and changes in lifestyle, the number of people suffering from hypertension is increasing, and is showing a trend of getting younger.

Lao Zhang: "It seems that our blood pressure is still high. What caused it?"

Hypertension can be divided into primary hypertension and secondary hypertension according to the cause. The cause of primary hypertension is unknown. It is currently believed that it is caused by a variety of acquired factors (including abnormal blood pressure regulation, abnormal renin-angiotensin system, high sodium, psychoneurological factors, abnormal endothelial function, insulin resistance, obesity, smoking, heavy drinking, etc.) under a certain genetic background, which causes the normal regulation mechanism of blood pressure to fail to compensate. It accounts for about 95% of hypertension. Secondary hypertension is caused by some organic disease and has a specific cause, such as renal hypertension caused by uremia.

Lao Wang: "Doctor, our blood pressure is always high, so how come we don't get sick?"

Most cases of hypertension develop slowly and lack special clinical manifestations. They are often discovered only when blood pressure is measured or when complications such as heart, brain, and kidney disease occur. Common symptoms include dizziness, headache, stiff neck, fatigue, palpitations, etc., and more serious symptoms such as blurred vision and nosebleeds may also occur. Long-term hypertension may lead to a variety of cardiovascular diseases and affect changes in the structure and function of target organs (such as the heart, brain, and kidneys), ultimately leading to serious consequences such as heart failure, kidney failure, and stroke.

Lao Zhang: "What a black man! How do we treat him?"

You should take antihypertensive drugs under the guidance of doctors, such as calcium antagonists, commonly used ones are nifedipine; such as beta-blockers, commonly used ones are metoprolol, bisoprolol, etc. In daily life, patients should also reduce sodium intake, control weight, quit smoking and drinking, and monitor blood pressure.

Lao Wang: "Now that you've said that, we understand. So how can we prevent high blood pressure for those in our family who don't have it?"

To prevent high blood pressure, we need to pay attention to controlling the risk factors of high blood pressure, including diet, weight control, psychological balance, proper exercise, smoking cessation and alcohol restriction.

1. Diet adjustment : Patients with hypertension should eat a light diet with low salt, fat and sugar.

2. Weight control : Maintain an appropriate weight range, with a body mass index not exceeding 24.

3. Psychological balance : maintain a good mood and sleep. Rest on time, don't stay up late, relax and reduce stress.

4. Appropriate exercise : Do aerobic exercise 3-5 times a week.

5. Quit smoking and drinking.

Hypertension is a risk factor for many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Preventing hypertension can help reduce the occurrence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Lao Wang: "You don't know until you talk about it. Once you talk about it, you'll be shocked.

High blood pressure is good black, quickly collect these two or three things about high blood pressure prevention and treatment, and spread them to others. "

About the Author:

Yuan Yi is the head nurse of the Rehabilitation Department of Tongren People’s Hospital. She has a bachelor’s degree and is a specialist nurse in the Rehabilitation Department.

Zhang Yufang is the head nurse of the Rehabilitation Department of Tongren People’s Hospital. She has a bachelor’s degree, is a specialist nurse in the Rehabilitation Department, and is the head nurse of the Rehabilitation Department.