Take precautions, don't be caught off guard

Take precautions, don't be caught off guard

Stroke, the leading cause of death in China over the past 30 years, kills more than 1.9 million people every year. Stroke is so common that almost everyone can tell a story about it. Stroke is so common that it is estimated that more than 13 million Chinese people over the age of 40 have suffered from it. When most people are diagnosed, they have almost no knowledge of stroke, and they and their relatives and friends fall into extreme panic and fear.

However, stroke can be prevented and detected early!

Faced with so many helpless eyes, clinicians from the front line of stroke treatment have compiled with us a list of stroke knowledge that you should know now, hoping it will help you, your family and friends!

1. What is acute stroke?

Stroke (cù zhòng) is an ancient Chinese medical concept. This word has appeared at least in the Warring States Period (Huangdi Neijing·Benbinglun). Acute cerebral infarction is commonly known as "stroke", which is a series of symptoms caused by acute cerebrovascular disease. The main manifestations are slurred speech, limb numbness, impaired consciousness, fainting, hemiplegia, etc.

1. Ischemic stroke (cerebral infarction)

The best treatment for cerebral infarction is ultra-early intravenous thrombolysis. Some patients can undergo arterial thrombolysis or thrombectomy. Alteplase intravenous thrombolysis can be used within 3-4.5 hours of onset, and urokinase thrombolysis can be used within 6 hours of onset. If the thrombolysis conditions are met, alteplase thrombolysis can effectively reduce the patient's disability and improve the prognosis. We know that the neurons in the brain cannot regenerate, so the treatment of cerebral infarction must be time-sensitive and must not be delayed.

1) What is intravenous thrombolysis?

Intravenous thrombolytic therapy is to dissolve the blood clots that are blocked in the blood vessels, so that the blocked blood vessels can be reopened, blood supply to the brain tissue can be restored in time, and necrosis of brain tissue caused by ischemia can be reduced. The best time for thrombolysis is within 3 hours after the onset of the disease.

2) What is emergency thrombectomy?

Thrombectomy is a procedure in which an interventional doctor uses a DSA machine to remove the thrombus stuck in the blood vessel using a thrombectomy stent or a special suction catheter to achieve the purpose of cerebral vascular recanalization. It is mainly suitable for acute cerebral infarction caused by large vessel occlusion, and the vascular recanalization rate can reach 80%. It is currently the most effective minimally invasive surgery for the treatment of large vessel occlusive cerebral infarction.

2. Hemorrhagic stroke

Including cerebral hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, etc., the treatment principles are mainly to prevent rebleeding, reduce brain cell damage caused by cerebral hemorrhage, and prevent complications.

2. Identifying Stroke

So, how should we identify stroke early? Simply put, it is six letters - BE FAST, which is the abbreviation of six English words, literally meaning "be fast":

3. How to prevent stroke?

1. Lifestyle and eating habits

It is closely related to the occurrence of stroke, such as high-salt and high-fat diet, smoking, drinking, lack of physical exercise, etc., which are all risk factors leading to stroke. The "four cornerstones of health" should be the main content, namely "reasonable diet", "moderate exercise", "quit smoking and limit alcohol", and "psychological balance".

2. Pay attention to the following 10 points in your daily life
4. The “golden period” of stroke rehabilitation

After the acute stroke patient's condition stabilizes

Rehabilitation intervention should be initiated as soon as possible!!!

Patients with mild to moderate stroke who are no longer progressing and whose vital signs are stable can undergo bedside rehabilitation and early rehabilitation training 24 hours after their condition has stabilized. Rehabilitation treatment should start early, with the golden period of three months after a stroke being the best time for rehabilitation treatment.

Timely and standardized rehabilitation training and treatment can effectively reduce the mortality and disability rates. Therefore, the treatment of stroke patients should be supplemented with rehabilitation treatment in the early stage on the basis of conventional drug treatment. As long as the conditions for early rehabilitation of stroke are fully understood and risk factors are closely monitored, the patient's prognosis can be improved, the quality of life can be improved, the hospitalization time can be shortened and the patient's expenses can be reduced.

Early rehabilitation treatment for stroke

Summarize

Due to bad living habits, neglect of diet and lack of exercise, the incidence of stroke is getting higher and higher. The prevention of stroke is mainly carried out from the aspects of diet, living habits, exercise, physical examination, medication, etc. Knowing how to prevent stroke can help us better prevent the occurrence of diseases in our lives, especially for some families with a history of hereditary hypertension and diabetes and patients with heart problems.

At the same time, you must also be familiar with the early symptoms of stroke, learn to identify stroke early, and when the disease occurs, be able to call 120 emergency number and go to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible. This can buy patients more time for rescue and treatment, improve the success rate of rescue, and reduce sequelae.

References:

1. Wang Yongjun. New evidence, new guidelines and new norms for secondary prevention of ischemic stroke[J]. Chinese Journal of Neurology, 2022, 55(10): 1061-1064.

2. Chinese Society of Neurology, Chinese Society of Neurology Cerebrovascular Disease Group. Chinese Guidelines for Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack 2022 [J]. Chinese Journal of Neurology, 2022, 55(10): 1071-1110.

3. Wen Mingyue. Research progress on early nursing intervention for the rehabilitation of stroke patients[J]. Chinese Science and Technology Journal Database (Full Text Edition) Medicine and Health, 2023(2):4.

Author: Tang Yongxiu, Wen Hong, Zou Youping, Tang Li,

Rehabilitation Department, Guilin Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine

Reviewer: Hu Xiquan, chief physician, professor, deputy director of the Neurorehabilitation Committee of the Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine Association; Wei Ni, deputy chief physician, expert of the Neurorehabilitation Committee of the Chinese Rehabilitation Medicine Association