What does functional uterine bleeding mean?

Adolescent functional uterine bleeding, also known as multifunctional uterine bleeding, refers to abnormal uterine bleeding caused by ovarian imbalance. It usually occurs in women between the ages of 13 and 18. Its clinical symptoms are non-menstrual bleeding in the vagina, more or less menstrual flow, and prolonged menstrual period. Abnormal uterine bleeding caused by imbalanced function that occurs during puberty is called adolescent dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Among them, anovulatory type is the most common, accounting for about 80% to 90% of functional uterine bleeding.

Causes of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding in Adolescence

Adolescent functional uterine bleeding is a type of anovulatory functional uterine bleeding, which is a level of abnormal uterine bleeding. Generally, adolescent girls are not prone to organic diseases of the urinary system. For girls in puberty, because the central nervous system regulating the menstrual cycle is not yet perfect, the level of ovulation-stimulating hormone is higher than that of luteinizing hormone, and the pituitary gland is not sensitive enough to the feedback of the uterus and ovaries.

The reason for adolescent functional uterine bleeding is that the ovarian and ovulation systems are not yet fully developed during puberty. Due to mental stress, anxiety, strenuous exercise, nutritional imbalance, etc., ovarian imbalance and estrogen metabolism disorder occur, resulting in irregular vaginal bleeding. "Metrorrhagia" is divided into "menstrual bleeding" and "bleeding". "Metrorrhagia" means bleeding that rushes out like a flood, with a lot of blood. Some girls suffer from severe anemia due to excessive blood loss.

Therefore, although the uterus and ovaries have estrogen to promote the growth of eggs, they lack the peak of luteinizing hormone necessary for ovulation, so ovulation is still not possible. At this time, the uterine wall is only affected by the effect of estrogen and undergoes hyperplasia, and even hyperplasia, and when the estrogen level in the body fluctuates greatly, irregular uterine bleeding occurs.

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding in adolescence

Clinical symptoms of adolescent functional uterine bleeding account for about 20% of all kinds of functional uterine bleeding. Irregular menstrual cycles are common within the first 2 years after the first menstruation, and most patients can gradually adjust themselves. However, when there is a lot of uterine bleeding, the bleeding time is too long, the bleeding is excessive or the cycle time is irregular, it is called puberty functional uterine bleeding. Bleeding is often preceded by a period of amenorrhea. Due to long-term and excessive abnormal uterine bleeding, anemia may occur, and symptoms such as dizziness, fatigue, loss of appetite, palpitations, nightmares, and insomnia may occur. Generally there is no history of dysmenorrhea. During examination, there is often anemia. Gynecological examination showed that the internal and reproductive organs were within the normal range, the cervix was loose, the uterus was slightly enlarged and soft, and there was cystic enlargement of one or both uterus and ovaries.