What is severe eclampsia?

Eclampsia is actually a form of what we usually call gestational hypertension. Once eclampsia occurs, the pregnant woman will enter a very dangerous situation. Severe eclampsia is actually a form of expression of moderate to severe hypertension. In order to prevent the occurrence of eclampsia, pregnant women must pay special attention to pregnancy-induced hypertension. So, what is severe eclampsia? Why do pregnant women suffer from severe eclampsia?

Severe eclampsia is a serious clinical condition of hypertension during pregnancy, characterized by a sharp rise in blood pressure, edema and proteinuria, accompanied by other clinical manifestations such as headache, nausea, vomiting, etc. At present, the cause of severe eclampsia is still unclear. It is mainly considered to be related to the damage to placental function during pregnancy. Therefore, it is currently believed that severe eclampsia is a disease of embryonic origin. Because the embryo implants shallowly in the early stages of pregnancy, the embryo cannot absorb enough nutrients, which can easily lead to increased local blood friction resistance, thereby causing an increase in systemic blood pressure. However, this theory is only an inference. At present, many theories have been proposed for severe eclampsia, but no matter which theory, it cannot fully describe the clinical condition of severe eclampsia. Therefore, the next step is to focus on scientifically studying the causes of severe eclampsia so that targeted prevention and treatment can be achieved.

Severe early eclampsia is a disease unique to pregnancy, which mainly occurs after 20 weeks of pregnancy. Clinically, it has high blood pressure, edema, and proteinuria as its main features. In severe cases, convulsions, coma, heart failure, placental abruption and other conditions may occur. Severe early eclampsia refers to blood pressure exceeding 160/11b250mHg, proteinuria of more than 2 plus signs, or active symptoms such as edema, headache, dizziness, chest tightness and shortness of breath, and particularly severe cases will develop eclampsia in the above conditions, that is, convulsions and coma. The basic clinical manifestation of severe eclampsia in the early stage is systemic arterial spasm. If the expectant mother develops hypertension, she should go to a specialist clinic for a comprehensive examination.

It may involve a variety of factors such as pregnant mothers, embryos and fetuses, including abnormal trophoblastic cell proliferation, abnormal hormone regulation, endothelial cell damage, genetic factors and nutritional factors. However, no single factor can explain the causes and mechanisms of all preeclampsia attacks.

1. Abnormal trophoblast cell erosion: It may be a key factor in the onset of preeclampsia. The patient's trophoblasts invaded incompletely into the spiral arteries, the spiral arteries in the uterine myometrium were not remodeled, and the abnormally narrow spiral arteries led to reduced fetal oozing and oxygen deficiency, which ultimately led to the occurrence of preeclampsia.

2. Abnormal hormone regulation: The mother's lack of or imbalance in immune tolerance to the embryonic and fetal antigens from the father is a key component of the cause of preeclampsia.

3. Vascular epithelial damage: oxidative stress, anti-angiogenic and respiratory acidosis factors, as well as other immune molecules can cause vascular epithelial damage and lead to preeclampsia.