What does bicornuate uterus mean?

During embryonic development, the tails of the two mesonephric ducts have mostly converged, and the septum at the tail has been absorbed, thus forming a cervix and a vagina, but the part equivalent to the fundus of the uterus is not completely converged, resulting in a prominent horn on both sides of the uterus, which is called a bicornuate uterus. Patients with bicornuate uterus often experience excessive menstrual flow and prolonged menstruation, and after pregnancy may suffer from miscarriage, premature birth or abnormal fetal position.

Causes

The main cause is the puberty of the test tube embryo. During the development, the bilateral mesonephric ducts are affected and influenced by certain factors, and may stop developing at different stages of development, resulting in various developmental abnormalities including bicornuate uterus.

Clinical symptoms

Some patients with uterine malformations may not have any active symptoms, and have no abnormal manifestations during menstruation, sexual life, pregnancy, and childbirth, so they may not be discovered throughout their lives, or may be discovered occasionally during routine physical examinations. However, the urinary system function of some patients is affected to varying degrees, and the following symptoms may occur during estrus, after marriage, during pregnancy, or during delivery:

1. Irregular menstrual period

Patients with bicornuate uterus often experience heavy menstrual flow and prolonged menstruation.

2. Main symptoms after pregnancy

Uterine rupture may cause miscarriage, premature birth or abnormal fetal position after pregnancy.

3. Main manifestations during and after childbirth

Hypoplastic uterus often coexists with uterine myometrial hypoplasia. Pregnant women may suffer from dystocia or even uterine rupture due to abnormal labor force and difficulty in dilating the cervix during delivery. Natural delivery may result in retained placenta, postpartum hemorrhage or infection after delivery. Patients with bicornuate uterus may bleed after giving birth due to the discharge of decidua from the non-pregnant uterine horn.

Inspection

Complete medical history and conduct gynecological examination. Hysterography, pelvic B-ultrasound and hysteroscopy can confirm the diagnosis. Male reproductive organ malformations are often combined with urogenital system malformations or lower gastrointestinal tract malformations. If necessary, intravenous pyelography or barium enema examination can be performed. When urinary tract or lower gastrointestinal tract malformations are found, a thorough examination should also be performed to determine if there are any genital malformations, including uterine malformations.

Confirmation

The diagnosis can be made based on clinical symptoms and corresponding examinations.

heal

It is usually not resolved. When there are repeated miscarriages, laparoscopic surgery should be performed after eliminating sex chromosomes, corpus luteum insufficiency and immune factors, and laparoscopic treatment can be combined with other treatments.