Normal range of endometrial thickness

The thickness of the endometrium is very important for female friends. It is related to whether they can conceive normally in the future. If the lesions are not found in time, female friends may not be able to give birth normally, which will make the treatment very troublesome. The thickness of the endometrium is normally three layers. If it is found to be too thin during detection, it is necessary to do conditioning work.

How thick is the normal endometrium?

The endometrium (uterine endometrium) refers to the layer that makes up the inner wall of the mammalian uterus. It responds to both estrogen and progesterone and can therefore change significantly with the sexual cycle (estrus cycle, menstrual cycle).

The endometrium is divided into three layers: the compact layer, the spongy layer, and the basal layer. The dense layer and spongy layer of the 2/3 endometrial surface are collectively called the functional layer, which are shed periodically under the influence of ovarian sex hormones. The basal layer is the 1/3 of the endometrium close to the myometrium. It is not affected by ovarian hormones and does not undergo cyclical changes.

The endometrium is covered with mucosa, which is composed of the mucosal epithelium and the underlying lamina propria. The mucosal epithelium is columnar epithelium, cuboidal epithelium or stratified columnar epithelium. When estrogen is secreted, each epithelial cell will grow and divide, increasing in number. The portion of the lamina propria below the mucosal epithelium is called the functional layer, into which epithelial cells enter to form uterine glands and respond to estrogen. The lower layer of the functional layer is called the basal layer, which is rich in blood vessels.

⒈ Epidermal growth factor and its receptor: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is mainly distributed in the uterine cavity epithelium, glandular epithelium and stromal cells, and shows periodic changes. Its physiological effects are: ① Stimulating the proliferation of endometrial glandular epithelium and stroma, and causing stroma differentiation under the synergistic effect of progesterone; ② Acting on receptors on the cell surface, rapidly stimulating tyrosine phosphorylation, and promoting the release of endometrial PGE2.

⒉ Platelet-derived growth factor: Platelet-derived growth factor is mainly derived from endometrial stromal cells. It can stimulate the proliferation of interstitial cells themselves or adjacent epithelial cells, thus having autocrine and paracrine effects. At the same time, PDGF can enhance the cell proliferation effect of EGF.

⒊ Insulin-like growth factor: Through in situ hybridization technology, it was found that the mRNA of insulin-like hybrid factors (IGF-1, IGF-2) is widely distributed in the endometrial epithelium, stromal and myometrial cells, and its synthesis is regulated by estrogen rather than progesterone.