What is the corpus luteum in gynecology? Physiological functions of the corpus luteum

The corpus luteum is actually a glandular structure that forms after ovulation. It plays a very important role in women's lives. Because the corpus luteum can secrete a hormone called progesterone, this progesterone can help women conceive and is also essential during pregnancy.

The corpus luteum is a vascularized gland-like structure that is rapidly transformed from the ovarian follicle after ovulation. After ovulation, the remaining follicular wall collapses, and the connective tissue and capillaries of the follicular membrane extend into the granulosa layer. Under the action of LH, it evolves into a larger cell cluster rich in capillaries and with endocrine function. It appears yellow when fresh and is called corpus luteum.

Luteal effect

The corpus luteum of the ovary secretes progesterone, which is a natural progestin that has a significant morphological effect on the estrogen-stimulated endometrium in the body and is necessary for maintaining pregnancy.

Its main functions are:

1. In the later stage of the menstrual cycle, it causes the glands in the uterine mucosa to grow, the uterus to become congested, and the endometrium to thicken, preparing for the implantation of the fertilized egg. After the fertilized egg is implanted, it produces the placenta, reduces the excitability of the pregnant uterus, inhibits its activity, and allows the fetus to grow safely.

2. Working together with estrogen, it promotes full development of the breasts in preparation for milk production.

3. It closes the cervix, reduces and thickens the mucus, and makes it difficult for sperm to penetrate. In large doses, it has a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus, inhibiting the secretion of pituitary gonadotropin and producing an ovulation-inhibiting effect.

4. Can inhibit smooth muscle contraction