What is complex atypical endometrial hyperplasia?

For female friends, the most important thing that cannot be ignored is gynecological diseases. However, often our female friends do not take their illness seriously because the affected part of the body is too hidden, or they are too embarrassed to go to the hospital to consult a doctor about their condition. Over time, the disease will develop malignantly and eventually endanger their lives. Today I will introduce to you a common gynecological disease - endometrial hyperplasia. I hope that all female friends can pay attention to it.

Endometrial hyperplasia has a certain tendency to become cancerous, so it is classified as a precancerous lesion. However, based on long-term observations, the vast majority of endometrial hyperplasia is a reversible lesion or maintains a persistent benign state. Only in a few cases may cancer develop after a longer time interval. It is divided into three types according to the changes in glandular structure and morphology and the presence or absence of glandular epithelial cell atypia: ① Simple hyperplasia: a physiological response of the endometrium caused by long-term stimulation of estrogen without progesterone antagonism. The stroma and glands proliferate simultaneously without glandular crowding, and the morphology of the glandular epithelium is not atypical. ② Complex hyperplasia: The glands in the lesion area are crowded, the stroma is significantly reduced, and there is no atypia of the glandular epithelial cells. ③ Atypical hyperplasia: The glandular epithelium is atypical and belongs to the intraepithelial neoplasm of the endometrium. According to the severity of the lesion, it is divided into three degrees: mild, moderate and severe.

The causes of endometrial hyperplasia are not yet fully understood, but the following phenomena and facts indicate that long-term estrogen stimulation is the main cause of the disease. Anovulation may occur in adolescent girls, perimenopausal women, or in cases of disorder in a certain link of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovarian axis, polycystic ovary syndrome, etc. The endometrium is continuously affected by estrogen for a longer period of time without the opposition of progesterone and lacks the transformation of the cyclical secretory phase, and is in a state of hyperplasia. In postmenopausal women receiving estrogen replacement therapy (ERT), endometrial hyperplasia was observed in 20% of women taking estrogen alone for 1 year. Endometrial hyperplasia has also been observed in postmenopausal women with advanced breast cancer who have received long-term tamoxifen (TAM). Tamoxifen has a weak estrogen-like effect.

Endometrial hyperplasia mostly occurs in young women or postmenopausal women. The most common symptom is abnormal menstruation. Complex endometrial hyperplasia is very likely to cause cancer, so we must pay attention to developing good living habits. During menstruation, you must not eat cold or spicy food. When necessary, we can use drugs or surgery to eradicate the pathogens. In short, everyone must pay attention to their health.