[Medical Q&A] Why are pregnant women more likely to suffer from thyroid diseases?

Planner: Chinese Medical Association

Reviewer: Zhao Jie, Chief Pharmacist Professor of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University

During pregnancy, a woman's body undergoes many changes, one of which is an increase in the basal metabolic rate, which may manifest as temporary hyperthyroidism. This is due to the increase in the concentration of chorionic gonadotropin in the pregnant woman's body during pregnancy. This hormone has a similar function to thyrotropin, which can cause pregnant women to have symptoms similar to hyperthyroidism in the early stages of pregnancy (around 8 to 13 weeks), such as increased heart rate, unusual fatigue, or severe morning sickness without weight gain. During this period, chorionic gonadotropin in the pregnant mother's body stimulates the mother's thyroid gland to produce enough thyroxine to ensure the smooth neurological development of the baby.

Since some symptoms of thyroid disease (weight gain, fatigue, edema, etc.) are the same as those during pregnancy and are easily overlooked, thyroid hormone levels should be monitored during pregnancy. Generally speaking, the hospital where the pregnancy is established will conduct thyroid function tests on pregnant women. If the test results are abnormal, pregnant women should consult a doctor and follow the doctor's advice for regular follow-up and treatment.

By understanding this information, pregnant women can better pay attention to their thyroid health and ensure the safety of mother and baby.