#千万IP创科普# Kindergarten enrollment in autumn, disease prevention knowledge in advance

#Ten Million IPs Create Science Popularization#

When the cool autumn wind blows quietly, children welcome the autumn enrollment season for kindergarten. However, this season is also the peak period for various diseases. Parents and teachers need to be extra vigilant and build a solid protective wall for children's health.

1. Common diseases and symptoms in autumn

1. Flu

Autumn is the peak season for influenza. The influenza virus spreads quickly, mainly through air droplets. After children are infected with influenza, they will have symptoms such as high fever, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, and coughs. Compared with the common cold, influenza symptoms are more severe and are more likely to cause complications such as pneumonia and otitis media.

Why are influenza viruses so active in autumn? This is because the temperature gradually drops in autumn, people spend more time indoors, and air circulation is relatively poor, creating favorable conditions for the spread of viruses. In addition, the autumn climate is dry, and the respiratory mucosa is easily damaged, which reduces the body's resistance to viruses.

For young children, their immune systems are not yet fully developed and they are more vulnerable to influenza viruses. Once a child is infected with influenza, it will not only affect their physical health, but may also delay their studies and life. Therefore, parents and teachers should pay close attention to the physical condition of their children, detect the early symptoms of influenza in time, and take effective prevention and treatment measures.

Flu symptoms usually appear within one to four days after infection. At first, the child may feel tired and have chills, and then the body temperature rises rapidly, reaching 39°C or even higher. The high fever can cause headaches, muscle aches, and general weakness in the child. At the same time, the child may also have symptoms such as coughing, runny nose, and sore throat. The cough may be severe and sometimes last for weeks. If the flu is not treated promptly and effectively, it may also cause serious complications such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and otitis media. These complications will further aggravate the child's condition, prolong recovery time, and even endanger his life.

2. Hand, foot and mouth disease

Although hand, foot and mouth disease is more common in summer, it should not be ignored in autumn. Hand, foot and mouth disease is mainly caused by enterovirus and mostly occurs in children under 5 years old. Children with the disease will develop herpes or ulcers on their hands, feet, mouth and other parts, and may also have symptoms such as fever and loss of appetite.

The main transmission routes of hand, foot and mouth disease are contact transmission, droplet transmission and digestive tract transmission. Children play together and share toys in kindergarten. If they do not pay attention to hygiene, they are easily infected with hand, foot and mouth disease. In addition, bad eating habits, such as eating raw and cold food, unclean food, etc., will also increase the risk of infection.

Symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease usually appear within three to seven days after infection. First, the child may have symptoms such as fever, loss of appetite, and fatigue. Subsequently, small red papules will appear on the hands, feet, mouth and other parts, gradually turning into herpes. Herpes is usually painless and itchy, but herpes in the mouth may cause pain, causing the child to drool and refuse to eat. If the condition is serious, complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, and myocarditis may also occur, endangering the child's life.

Parents and teachers should educate children to develop good hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently, not spitting, and not sharing towels. At the same time, children's toys and tableware should be disinfected regularly to keep the indoor environment clean and hygienic. If a child shows symptoms of hand, foot and mouth disease, he or she should seek medical attention in time and be isolated for treatment to avoid infecting other children.

3. Diarrhea

The temperature changes greatly in autumn, and the gastrointestinal function of children is easily affected, making them prone to diarrhea. Symptoms of diarrhea include increased frequency of bowel movements, changes in stool characteristics (such as watery stools, loose stools, etc.), and may be accompanied by abdominal pain, vomiting, etc. Severe diarrhea can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance in children, affecting their health.

The main causes of diarrhea in autumn are as follows: First, improper diet. Children eat too much raw, cold, greasy or unclean food, which can easily cause gastrointestinal discomfort; second, climate change. The temperature drops sharply in autumn, and children's abdomen is prone to catch cold, leading to gastrointestinal dysfunction; third, viral infection, such as rotavirus, norovirus, etc. These viruses are more active in autumn and can easily cause diarrhea in children.

The symptoms of diarrhea vary. In mild diarrhea, the child may only have a slight increase in the frequency of bowel movements, and the stool is slightly watery, but the mental state is good and the appetite has not decreased significantly. However, as the condition worsens, the frequency of bowel movements will increase significantly, possibly several times or even more than a dozen times a day. The stool is watery or egg drop soup-like, with a foul odor. The child will have symptoms such as abdominal pain and bloating, and the pain may be paroxysmal, making the child cry and restless. At the same time, the child may also vomit, and the vomit is mostly stomach contents. Severe diarrhea can cause dehydration in children, manifested as dry mouth, sunken eye sockets, poor skin elasticity, decreased urine volume, etc. If water and electrolytes are not replenished in time, dehydration may be further aggravated, causing electrolyte disorders such as hyponatremia and hypokalemia, which endanger the child's life.

In order to prevent autumn diarrhea, parents and teachers should pay attention to children's dietary hygiene, arrange their diet reasonably, and avoid overeating. At the same time, children should be given more or less clothes according to weather changes, and their abdomens should be kept warm. If children have diarrhea symptoms, they should be given water and electrolytes in time to avoid dehydration. Severe diarrhea requires timely medical treatment and treatment under the guidance of a doctor.

4. Allergic diseases

In autumn, the amount of allergens such as pollen and dust mites in the air increases, which can easily cause allergic rhinitis, asthma, allergic dermatitis and other diseases. Children may experience symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, coughing, itchy skin, and rash.

The occurrence of allergic diseases is related to the child's physique, genetic factors, and environmental factors. If the child has a history of allergies, parents and teachers should pay more attention to prevention. In autumn, we should try to reduce the chances of children coming into contact with allergens, such as keeping the room clean and hygienic, washing bedding and curtains regularly, etc.; preventing children from going out during periods of high pollen concentration; if the child is allergic to certain foods, avoid letting the child eat these foods.

Allergic rhinitis is one of the common allergic diseases in autumn. Children will have symptoms such as frequent sneezing, runny nose, nasal congestion, and sometimes itchy eyes and tears. Allergic rhinitis not only affects children's respiratory function, but may also cause children to lose concentration and decline in academic performance. Asthma is also a serious allergic disease. Children will have symptoms such as wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and may have difficulty breathing in severe cases. Allergic dermatitis manifests as itchy skin, redness, swelling, rash, etc. Children can't help scratching, which can easily lead to skin damage and infection.

If a child shows symptoms of an allergic disease, he or she should seek medical attention in a timely manner, identify the allergens, and take appropriate treatment measures. At the same time, the child's physical exercise should be strengthened to enhance physical fitness, improve immunity, and reduce the occurrence of allergies.

2. Disease prevention measures

1. Develop good hygiene habits

(1) Wash hands frequently: Teach children to develop the good habit of washing hands before meals and after defecation. Use soap and running water to wash hands for at least 20 seconds. Especially after touching public items, coughing or sneezing, be sure to wash hands in time. Washing hands can not only remove dirt and bacteria on the hands, but also prevent the spread of diseases. Parents and teachers can use demonstrations, storytelling and other methods to let children understand the importance of washing hands and develop good hand washing habits.

The correct way to wash your hands includes the following steps: First, soak your hands with running water, then take an appropriate amount of soap or hand sanitizer, and rub your hands for at least 20 seconds, paying attention to rubbing the palms, backs of hands, between fingers, and between nails. Next, rinse your hands with running water to ensure that the soap or hand sanitizer is completely rinsed off. Finally, dry your hands with a clean towel or paper towel.

(2) Maintain personal hygiene: educate children not to spit, rub their eyes, pick their noses, etc. Trim your children's nails regularly to prevent their nails from growing too long and breeding bacteria. At the same time, let your children develop good living habits, such as washing their faces, brushing their teeth, and taking a bath every day to keep their bodies clean and hygienic.

When children are active in kindergarten, they are easily exposed to various bacteria and viruses. If they rub their eyes or pick their noses with their hands, they will bring bacteria and viruses into the body, increasing the risk of infection. Therefore, parents and teachers should always remind children not to develop these bad habits. Regularly trimming nails can reduce the growth of bacteria in the nail crevices and keep hands clean. Washing the face, brushing teeth, and taking a bath every day can remove dirt and bacteria on the surface of the body, keep children refreshed and comfortable, and also help prevent the occurrence of diseases.

2. Strengthen dietary management

(1) Balanced diet: Ensure that children have adequate nutrition and eat more fresh vegetables, fruits, whole grains and other foods rich in vitamins and dietary fiber to enhance their immunity. Avoid children being picky eaters and eating less greasy, spicy and irritating foods. Parents and teachers can let children taste different foods through a variety of diets and cultivate good eating habits for children.

Fresh vegetables and fruits are rich in antioxidants such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene, which can enhance children's immunity and resist disease. Whole grains are rich in dietary fiber, which can promote intestinal peristalsis, prevent constipation, and help maintain the balance of intestinal flora. Greasy, spicy, and irritating foods can easily irritate children's stomachs, cause indigestion, and reduce their immunity.

(2) Pay attention to food hygiene: Buy fresh ingredients, pay attention to food hygiene during cooking, and cook thoroughly. Avoid feeding children raw, cold, unclean, and expired food. Teach children not to drink raw water and try to drink boiled water. At the same time, pay attention to the cleaning and disinfection of tableware, and replace tableware regularly to avoid cross infection.

When buying food, choose fresh, non-spoiled food. During cooking, make sure the food is cooked thoroughly, especially meat, eggs, seafood and other foods that are prone to carry bacteria and viruses. Raw and cold food is prone to breeding bacteria, unclean food may contain harmful substances, and expired food may have spoiled. These foods are not suitable for children to eat. Educate children not to drink raw water, because raw water may contain bacteria, viruses and parasites, which can easily cause intestinal infections. Regular cleaning and disinfection of tableware can effectively kill bacteria and viruses and avoid cross infection.

3. Keep the indoor environment clean

(1) Ventilation: Open windows regularly every day to keep the indoor air flowing. Ventilation time should be no less than 30 minutes, which can effectively reduce the concentration of bacteria and viruses in the indoor air. When ventilating, be careful to prevent children from catching cold. You can choose to ventilate when the child is not indoors, or dress the child in appropriate clothing.

Good ventilation can expel the dirty air in the room, bring in fresh air, reduce the concentration of bacteria and viruses in the air, and reduce the risk of disease transmission. The ventilation time can be adjusted according to the indoor area and the density of people. Generally speaking, the ventilation time should be no less than 30 minutes. When ventilating, you can open windows and doors to allow air to circulate naturally. If the weather is cold, you can choose to ventilate when the child is not indoors, or dress the child in appropriate clothing to prevent the child from catching a cold.

(2) Cleaning and disinfection: Clean and disinfect children's toys, tableware, bedding, etc. regularly. Disinfection can be done by boiling in hot water, ultraviolet disinfection, wiping with disinfectants, etc. At the same time, keep the indoor environment clean and tidy, clean regularly, and avoid the growth of dust and bacteria. When cleaning and disinfecting, choose disinfection products suitable for children and avoid using highly irritating disinfectants to avoid causing harm to the child's body.

Children's toys, tableware, bedding, etc. often come into contact with their bodies. If they are not cleaned and disinfected in time, they will breed bacteria and viruses, increasing the risk of children contracting diseases. Boiling with hot water is a simple and effective disinfection method that can kill most bacteria and viruses. Ultraviolet disinfection can be carried out without damaging items, but attention should be paid to the method of use and safety. Wiping with disinfectant can quickly disinfect, but you should choose a disinfectant suitable for children and avoid using highly irritating disinfectants. At the same time, keep the indoor environment clean and tidy, clean regularly, and avoid the growth of dust and bacteria.

4. Do some physical exercise

Encourage children to participate in appropriate physical exercise, such as running, skipping rope, swimming, etc., to enhance their physical fitness. When doing outdoor activities, pay attention to adding or removing clothes for children according to the weather conditions to prevent them from catching a cold. Physical exercise can promote children's blood circulation, enhance their cardiopulmonary function, and improve their immunity. Parents and teachers can choose physical exercise programs suitable for children according to their age and physical condition, and accompany their children in exercising to increase their interest in exercise.

Running is a simple and easy way to exercise, which can improve children's cardiopulmonary function and endurance. Rope skipping can improve children's coordination and sense of rhythm. Swimming is a whole-body exercise, which can improve children's muscle strength, cardiopulmonary function and endurance. When doing outdoor activities, pay attention to adding or removing clothes for children according to the weather conditions to prevent them from catching a cold. If the weather is cold, you can put on warm clothes for your children, such as hats and gloves. If the weather is hot, you should put on light and breathable clothes for your children to prevent them from getting heatstroke.

5. Get vaccinated on time

According to the child's age and physical condition, timely vaccination of influenza vaccine, hand, foot and mouth disease vaccine and other related vaccines can effectively prevent the occurrence of diseases. Before vaccination, consult the doctor whether the child's physical condition is suitable for vaccination, and pay attention to observe the child's physical reaction after vaccination. Vaccines are one of the effective means of preventing diseases, but not all diseases can be prevented by vaccines. Therefore, parents and teachers should also take other disease prevention measures to jointly protect children's health.

Different vaccines have different vaccination times and procedures. Parents and teachers should understand the types of vaccines and vaccination times that children need to receive, and take their children to get vaccinated in a timely manner. Before vaccination, consult a doctor to see if the child's physical condition is suitable for vaccination, such as whether the child has fever, allergies and other symptoms. After vaccination, pay attention to observe the child's physical reaction, such as whether there is fever, local redness and swelling and other symptoms. If any abnormal situation occurs, seek medical attention in time.

III. Responsibilities of Parents and Teachers

1. Parents

(1) Pay attention to your child's physical condition: After getting up every morning, check your child's physical condition to see if there are any abnormalities, such as fever, cough, rash, etc. If there are any abnormalities, take your child to see a doctor in time and ask for leave from the kindergarten teacher.

Parents are the first guardians of their children and should always pay attention to their children's physical condition. After getting up every morning, you can check whether your child has any abnormalities by touching his or her forehead, observing his or her complexion, and asking him or her about his or her physical feelings. If your child has symptoms such as fever, cough, or rash, you should take your child to a doctor in time to find out the cause and treat it. At the same time, you should ask for leave from the kindergarten teacher so that your child can rest at home to avoid infecting other children.

(2) Cooperate with the kindergarten: Actively cooperate with the kindergarten's disease prevention and control work, such as sending children to get vaccinated on time, filling out the child's health status registration form truthfully, etc. At the same time, children should be educated to abide by the kindergarten's rules and regulations and develop good living habits.

Parents and kindergartens are the common guardians of children's healthy growth. Parents should actively cooperate with the kindergarten's disease prevention and control work, send their children to get vaccinated on time, fill out the child's health registration form truthfully, and promptly report the child's physical condition to the kindergarten teacher. At the same time, children should be educated to abide by the rules and regulations of the kindergarten, such as washing hands frequently, not spitting, not sharing towels, etc., to develop good living habits.

2. Teachers

(1) Carry out morning checkups: Check the children every morning to see if there are any abnormalities in their physical condition, oral cavity, hands, etc. If a child has symptoms such as fever or cough, notify the parents in time to take the child to see a doctor.

Morning check-up is an important part of disease prevention and control in kindergartens. Teachers should do a good job in morning check-up and carefully check whether there are any abnormalities in the physical condition, oral cavity, hands, etc. of each child. If a child is found to have symptoms such as fever or cough, parents should be notified in time to take the child to see a doctor and keep records. At the same time, the items of the sick child should be disinfected to avoid infecting other children.

(2) Strengthen class management: Keep the class clean and tidy, and regularly disinfect the classroom, toys, tableware, etc. Educate children to develop good hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently and not spitting. If any abnormal behavior is found in the children, timely measures should be taken and reported to the kindergarten leaders.

Teachers should strengthen class management and keep the class environment clean and tidy. Regularly ventilate and clean the classroom, and keep the floor, desks, windowsills, etc. clean and tidy. Regularly disinfect toys, tableware, etc. to prevent the growth of bacteria and viruses. Educate children to develop good hygiene habits, such as washing hands frequently, not spitting, not sharing towels, etc. If a child is found to have an abnormal condition, timely measures should be taken, such as letting the child rest, notifying the parents, etc., and reporting to the kindergarten leaders.

In short, disease prevention is crucial for kindergarten students to enter school in the fall. Parents and teachers should work together to protect the health of children by developing good hygiene habits, strengthening diet management, keeping the indoor environment clean, doing appropriate physical exercise, and getting vaccinated in a timely manner. Let the children spend a happy and healthy fall semester in kindergarten.