Benign breast disease: the "invisible" driver of breast cancer

When we talk about risk factors for breast cancer, we usually think of genetics, lifestyle, environmental factors, etc. However, benign breast disease (BBD) may also quietly increase the risk of breast cancer .

Benign breast disease, although the name does not sound scary, is actually a long-term risk factor for breast cancer. BBD can be roughly divided into three categories: non-proliferative, proliferative without atypia, and proliferative with atypia. These classifications are based on the degree of cellular changes in the breast tissue.

Louro et al. found in a retrospective cohort study of Hispanic women that women with BBD had a significantly increased risk of breast cancer. Among them, the risk of hyperplastic BBD with atypia was the highest, while the risk of non-hyperplastic BBD was relatively low. This research result reveals the close connection between BBD and breast cancer.

The same conclusion was reached in a nested case-control study by Figueroa et al. and a cohort study by Román et al. These studies showed that women with BBD had a significantly increased risk of breast cancer, especially those with hyperplastic BBD with atypia.

Cystic breast hyperplasia : This is a benign disease of the breast tissue. During the tissue repair process, it may cause occlusion of the breast ducts, retention of milk decomposition products or secretions, and long-term stimulation of the ductal epithelium, thereby increasing the risk of breast cancer.

Breast hyperplasia: This is a common benign disease. About 70%-80% of women of childbearing age will suffer from breast hyperplasia. Most of them are simple breast hyperplasia and generally do not lead to breast cancer.

Mastitis: Mastitis is a common breast disease that can be caused by bacterial infection, breast trauma, drug stimulation, etc. Mastitis generally does not lead to breast cancer, but if mastitis persists for a long time, it will cause chronic stimulation of the breast epithelium. If it is not treated in time, it may increase the risk of breast cancer.

So, how should we respond to this risk?

First of all, regular breast examinations are essential . Through breast palpation, breast ultrasound or mammography, BBD can be detected early and appropriate treatment measures can be taken.

Secondly, maintaining a healthy lifestyle can also help reduce the risk of breast cancer , including a balanced diet, moderate exercise, and avoiding long-term stress.

In short, benign breast disease is a potential risk factor for breast cancer and we should pay enough attention to it. Through regular breast examinations and a healthy lifestyle, we can better protect our breast health.