Here is everything you want to know about blood routine

When you go to the hospital for medical treatment or physical examination, you need to undergo a routine blood test. I believe everyone is familiar with the routine blood test. Many people think that it is unnecessary to do a routine blood test. In fact, although the routine blood test is not a specific test, blood participates in the whole body circulation, flows through multiple organs, and penetrates various tissues. It is an important participant in human metabolism. If there is an abnormality in any part of the body, the information carried in the blood will change, which can provide a basis for judging various tissue and organ lesions. This article will introduce you to some small knowledge about routine blood tests, so that you can have a better understanding of this medical examination.

Do I need to fast for a routine blood test?

Before a blood test, doctors sometimes remind the test taker not to eat after 8pm the night before and not to eat breakfast on the test day. Why? Usually, blood tests that require fasting are biochemical tests, such as liver function, protein, sugar, lipid and inorganic ion tests that can quantitatively analyze the biochemical components in the blood and understand the minute changes in the test taker's blood. Only fasting blood tests are more accurate.

Do you need to fast for routine blood tests? In fact, you don't need to. You can do routine blood tests at any time of the day, and these test values ​​have no direct relationship with diet. However, if you need to take blood tests such as blood sugar and blood lipids at the same time, you need to fast.

The significance of various indicators in blood routine examination

1. White blood cell count

Refers to the number of white blood cells in the blood count unit. There may be three situations: physiological increase and pathological decrease. Physiological increase is common after eating, after strenuous exercise, in newborns, and during pregnancy. Pathological increase is common in patients with uremia, acute purulent infection, tissue damage, leukemia, acute bleeding, etc.

2. White blood cell differential count

White blood cell count refers to the percentage of different types of white blood cells in the total number of white blood cells. The most common is the decrease of eosinophils in typhoid fever, severe burns and major surgery. Eosinophilia can be seen in patients with skin diseases, allergic diseases, parasitic diseases, lung cancer, throat cancer, etc. If the body has an acute infection, the important phagocytes in the blood - neutrophils need to play a role.

3. Red blood cell count

The red blood cell count refers to the number of red blood cells in a unit volume of blood. There are two situations, one is physiological increase and the other is pathological decrease. The reasons for physiological increase include compensatory hyperplasia of red blood cells, mental factors, compensatory hyperplasia of red blood cells in the blood, compensatory hyperplasia of red blood cells in the blood, chronic cor pulmonale, hemoconcentration, emphysema, etc., and general diseases will increase rationally. Pathological reduction includes increased red blood cell damage, tissue damage, acute massive bleeding, red blood cell damage, leukemia, etc. The main manifestations of pathological reduction are: increased red blood cell damage, tissue damage, acute massive bleeding, red blood cell damage, etc.

4. Hemoglobin

The functions of hemoglobin include transporting oxygen to body tissues and organs and transporting carbon dioxide outward. It is an important component of red blood cells. The increase or decrease of hemoglobin has basically the same meaning as the increase or decrease of red blood cell count. It is hemoglobin that can better reflect the anemia state of the body. According to the degree of anemia, it can be divided into several categories, such as mild anemia, toxic anemia, severe anemia and extremely severe anemia. Hemoglobin exceeding 90g/L but below the lower limit of normal reference value is mild anemia; hemoglobin between 61-90g/L is moderate anemia; hemoglobin between 31-60g/L is severe anemia; extremely severe anemia, hemoglobin is below 30g/L.

5. Hematocrit

Hematocrit is a measure of the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume when anticoagulated blood is centrifuged under certain conditions. If the hematocrit is reduced, blood cells may be lost until the patient is anemic or a large amount of fluid is given. People with increased hematocrit often have severe vomiting, extensive burns, dehydration and diarrhea.

6. Platelet count

There is a type of substance that has a great effect on blood coagulation, and in human blood it is platelets. If it decreases, it may be that the bone marrow hematopoietic function is impaired, such as acute leukemia, aplastic anemia, etc., or it may be that the platelets are consumed too much, disseminated intravascular coagulation occurs, or there is too much destruction of platelets, such as hypersplenism, etc. In this case, the patient's bone marrow hematopoietic function will be impaired. At this time, the patient's bone marrow hematopoietic function will appear. The patient may suffer from acute massive bleeding, acute infection after hemolysis, hemorrhagic thrombocytosis, true erythrocytosis, chronic myeloid leukemia, etc., and there will be performance of increased counts, such as blood diseases, blood diseases, etc.

The above is some popular science knowledge about routine blood tests. I hope it can give everyone more knowledge and understanding about routine blood tests.

Author: Chen Hua, Ruikang Hospital Affiliated to Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine