Disease prevention tips in November | The cold wind made me realize that it’s okay to live without love, but it’s really not okay to live without long underwear

Temperature turns cold

Risk of infectious disease transmission

Everyone must be vigilant

This month, we should focus on the following infectious diseases and increase our vigilance

01

Novel Coronavirus Infection

Special attention

Attention level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

Recently, the overall national COVID-19 epidemic situation is at a low level and in a wave-like epidemic situation, and the epidemic has brought relatively little pressure on the medical systems in various places.

Key places:

Child care institutions, schools, and places where people gather.

Key groups:

Children, the elderly, pregnant women and patients with underlying diseases.

Precautions:

Three diligence

☑ Wash your hands frequently with running water.

☑ Open windows frequently to ventilate the room, and avoid crowded places with poor air circulation.

☑ Do regular and appropriate physical exercise to enhance your body’s resistance.

Three active

☑ Take the initiative to get vaccinated against COVID-19.

☑ If you have flu-like symptoms such as fever, sneezing, coughing, etc., you need to wear a mask, seek medical attention in a timely manner, and avoid going to school or work while sick.

☑ Take the initiative to monitor the health of yourself and your family members, especially children and the elderly.

02

Mycoplasma pneumoniae

Special attention

Attention level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a microorganism between bacteria and viruses, and is the smallest microorganism known in the world that can survive independently.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can occur throughout the year. August to December is the peak period for Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, and it usually reaches its peak around November each year.

Patients infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and asymptomatic carriers are the main sources of infection. The incubation period is 1 to 3 weeks. The patient is contagious during the incubation period until several weeks after symptoms are relieved.

Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can cause upper respiratory tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia, and extrapulmonary complications such as autoimmune hemolytic anemia.

Key groups:

People are generally susceptible to Mycoplasma pneumoniae, but it is more common in children and adolescents over 5 years old.

Precautions:

There is currently no vaccine to prevent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. The most important thing to prevent Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is to develop good personal hygiene habits.

☑ Avoid going to crowded and poorly ventilated public places, and wear a mask when necessary.

☑ Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue, or use your elbow or upper sleeve when coughing or sneezing.

☑ Pay attention to hand hygiene and wash your hands with soap or hand sanitizer under running water.

☑ Pay attention to indoor ventilation and keep the air fresh.

☑ Develop healthy living habits, exercise moderately, increase body resistance, and keep warm to avoid catching cold.

☑ Key places such as schools and kindergartens should pay attention to ventilation and disinfection, do a good job of daily cleaning, strengthen health monitoring, and avoid clustered infections.

03

influenza

Focus

Attention level: ⭐⭐⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

Influenza is highly contagious and can easily spread in collective units such as childcare institutions, schools, and factories.

Key places:

Childcare institutions, schools and factories.

Key groups:

Children, the elderly, pregnant women and patients with underlying diseases, students and workers.

Precautions:

Three diligence

☑ Wash your hands frequently with soap or hand sanitizer and running water.

☑ Open windows frequently to ventilate the room, and avoid crowded places with poor air circulation.

☑ Do regular and appropriate physical exercise to enhance your body’s resistance.

Three active

☑ Take the initiative to get a flu vaccine.

☑ If you have flu-like symptoms such as fever, sneezing, coughing, etc., you need to wear a mask, seek medical attention in a timely manner, and avoid going to school or work while sick.

☑ Take the initiative to monitor the health of yourself and your family members, especially children and the elderly.

04

Scarlet fever

General Concern

Attention level: ⭐⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

Scarlet fever is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by group A β-hemolytic streptococci. It is a Class B infectious disease in my country. The general population is susceptible to it, and children are the main susceptible population.

The disease can occur all year round, but the incidence is highest in winter and spring from April to June and from November to January of the following year. It is mainly transmitted through air droplets, and the most common age is 3 to 9 years old. It is easy to occur in childcare institutions and primary schools where the population is relatively concentrated.

Key groups:

Children aged 3-9 years.

Precautions:

Currently, there is no vaccine developed for scarlet fever.

☑ The key to preventing this disease is to control the source of infection. During the scarlet fever epidemic, people should avoid going to public places and other crowded places, wear masks, wash hands frequently, and ventilate the room more.

☑ Parents also need to urge their children to exercise actively to improve their disease resistance.

☑ Properly arranging diet and providing children with adequate and balanced nutrition is also beneficial for preventing diseases.

05

Hand, foot and mouth disease

General Concern

Attention level: ⭐⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus, which mostly occurs in children under 5 years old. The main clinical manifestations are fever, maculopapular rash and herpes on the hands, feet and buttocks, and scattered herpes on the oral mucosa or pharyngeal isthmus.

Key places:

Child care institutions and schools.

Key groups:

Children in daycare, scattered children, and students.

Precautions:

☑ Develop good hygiene habits and wash children's hands with soapy water or hand sanitizer before meals, after defecation, after going out, and after touching unclean objects.

☑ During the epidemic period, it is not advisable to take children to public places where there are crowds and poor air circulation, and avoid contact with sick children.

☑ Keep the room well ventilated, and clean and disinfect toys, children's personal hygiene utensils (cups, towels, etc.), tableware and other items regularly. When there is plenty of sunshine, take children outdoors frequently to bask in the sun, and also hang furniture and items such as clothes and quilts to dry in the sun.

☑ If the child has persistent fever, vomiting, convulsions, and concurrent diseases of the nervous system, lungs, heart, etc., he or she should seek medical attention promptly.

06

Mumps

General Concern

Attention level: ⭐⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

The mumps virus can cause mumps (commonly known as "mumps"), which is transmitted through air, droplets and saliva.

After being infected, unilateral or bilateral parotid gland swelling will occur. The biggest harm is that it can cause complications such as orchitis, mastitis, and oophoritis.

More than 85% of mumps cases occur in children under the age of 15, most of whom are students.

It may cause cluster outbreaks among immunization-gap school-age children.

Key places:

Places with dense crowds such as childcare institutions, schools, homes, and communities.

Key groups:

Children, especially school-age children, who do not have the disease or have not received the corresponding vaccination.

Precautions:

☑ Currently, routine immunization with two doses of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) and mumps vaccine is the main preventive measure.

☑ Check vaccination certificates for admission to kindergarten and school to ensure 2 doses of routine measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine have been received.

☑ Patients with symptoms of parotid swelling should seek medical treatment and be isolated in time. Patients diagnosed with mumps should be isolated until symptoms completely subside or 14 days after onset. Susceptible people who have been in contact with infectious mumps patients should be observed for 25 days from the last date of contact.

07

measles

Need attention

Attention level: ⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

Measles is one of the most common acute respiratory infectious diseases in children. It is highly contagious and prone to epidemics in densely populated areas where vaccination is not universal, with an epidemic occurring every 2 to 3 years.

Key groups:

Students and children in childcare under 14 years old.

Precautions:

☑ Timely vaccination: one dose of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine at 8 months and 18 months of age can effectively prevent measles infection.

☑ Strengthen physical exercise to improve body immunity.

☑ During the measles epidemic, try to avoid taking your children to public places (especially hospitals) and visiting relatives and friends as much as possible to reduce the chance of infection and transmission.

☑ Regularly and thoroughly clean and disinfect children’s toys, bottles and other items.

☑ Pay attention to personal and environmental hygiene, do not be picky about food, and drink more boiled water.

☑ If a child has measles, he or she needs to be isolated and treated until 7 days after the symptoms disappear completely before returning to school to prevent the infection from spreading to other classmates.

08

chicken pox

Need attention

Attention level: ⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

Chickenpox is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus, which is most common in winter and spring.

Key places:

It is common in children and can easily cause outbreaks in crowded institutions such as schools and childcare institutions.

Precautions:

☑ Get the chickenpox vaccine

The most economical and effective way to prevent chickenpox is to get vaccinated with the varicella vaccine. It is recommended that children of appropriate age receive two doses of the varicella vaccine.

☑ Develop good hygiene habits

Keep clean, change clothes frequently, cut nails frequently, wash hands frequently, ventilate frequently, and disinfect frequently. During the chickenpox epidemic season, try not to go to crowded public places.

☑ Improve the body's immunity

Maintain a regular work and rest schedule, get enough sleep, eat a balanced diet, increase exercise, and enhance the body's immunity.

☑ Strengthen case management

Varicella patients should try to avoid contact with other healthy people, and be isolated at home (they can return to school only after all varicella blisters have crusted and the scabs have dried or at least 14 days have passed since the onset of the illness), and are not allowed to attend classes while sick.

09

Norovirus

Need attention

Attention level: ⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

Norovirus is highly contagious and spreads rapidly, and can cause clustered outbreaks in collective units such as childcare institutions and schools.

Key places:

Collective units such as childcare institutions, schools, and factories.

Key groups:

Children in childcare and students.

Precautions:

☑ Schools, childcare institutions and other collective units should take good precautions and strengthen the hygiene management of food, drinking water, environmental sanitation and kitchen workers. Kitchen workers should leave their posts immediately if they have diarrhea, vomiting or other infectious diseases.

☑ Individuals should strengthen their awareness of hygiene, wash their hands before meals, after defecation, and before processing food; eat cooked food and do not eat raw or cold food; pay attention to nutritional balance and eat more fresh and easily digestible food; pay attention to drinking water hygiene and drink more hot water.

10

rubella

Need attention

Attention level: ⭐⭐

Reasons to pay attention:

Rubella is an acute respiratory infectious disease caused by rubella virus, which occurs frequently in winter and spring and is highly contagious. It can be transmitted through the respiratory tract and close contact, and can also be transmitted from mother to child. The most serious harm of rubella is that pregnant women infected with rubella virus can cause congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in the fetus, which can lead to a variety of congenital malformations in the fetus, seriously endangering the life and health of the next generation.

Key places:

Child care institutions, schools, etc.

Key groups:

The general population is susceptible.

Precautions:

☑ Vaccination with rubella-containing vaccines is the primary measure to prevent rubella. Leprosy and measles-mumps-rubella vaccines can prevent rubella disease. It is recommended to vaccinate two or more doses according to the procedure. It is recommended that women of childbearing age also receive a booster dose of rubella-containing vaccines.

☑ Control the source of infection and follow the principle of "early detection, early reporting, early isolation, and early treatment". Rubella patients should be isolated and treated in time. General patients can be isolated at home for at least 5 days after the rash appears.

☑ Places where people gather, such as childcare institutions, primary and secondary schools, are prone to outbreaks. A strict system of morning and afternoon inspections should be implemented, attention should be paid to environmental hygiene, and windows should be opened for ventilation to keep the air fresh.