Practical knowledge about diabetes

Diabetes is a common clinical disease. In recent years, with the changes in people's diet and lifestyle, the incidence of this disease has shown a significant growth trend, seriously threatening people's lives and health, and showing a significant younger age. We should pay more attention to it. Diabetes is a multifactorial disease, which is associated with autoimmune, genetic, and environmental factors. It has a significant impact on the daily life of patients. Timely intervention is needed to control the progression of the disease and help patients recover their health as soon as possible. Let us learn about diabetes below.

1. What is diabetes?

Diabetes refers to the condition of decreased pancreatic function and insulin resistance caused by genetic factors, immune dysfunction, mental factors, microbial infection, etc. The patient has metabolic disorders such as protein, fat, sugar and electrolytes. The patient mainly has high blood sugar, which is more obvious, with more food, more water, more urine and weight loss. If the disease is not well controlled, it is easy to induce a variety of complications, such as lesions of the feet, kidneys, eyes and other organs, and lifelong treatment is required. There are many types of diabetes, such as type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes, gestational diabetes and special types of diabetes. Most patients have type 2 diabetes, which needs to be treated according to the actual situation of the patient.

The picture comes from the Internet

2. What are the symptoms of diabetes?

Diabetic patients have obvious symptoms, such as polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia, dry mouth, and increased urination frequency, which affect their daily lives. Polyphagia, the amount of food eaten by patients shows a significant increase trend, accompanied by a clear sense of "not being full", prone to hunger, and even hypoglycemia before meals. Some patients have no change in their food intake, but their demand for non-staple food increases, accompanied by a demand for sweets.

The picture comes from the Internet

Weight loss is also a common symptom of patients. Although the amount of food consumed by patients increases, their own weight decreases, especially in young patients. Patients are accompanied by obvious mental fatigue and weakness in the waist and knees. For example, when patients go up the stairs, they can see obvious weakness in their legs, which affects their daily life. The symptoms of patients can be summarized as "three mores and one less", drinking more, urinating more, eating more, and losing weight, which reduces the quality of life of patients.

The picture comes from the Internet

Some patients may have obvious visual impairment, especially elderly patients, who may have decreased vision, fatigue, or even blurred vision, cataracts, retinal hemorrhage, etc. Patients may also have obvious tooth inflammation, loose teeth, and tooth loss. Periradicular abscesses, apical periodontitis of permanent teeth, and periodontal abscesses are common, which require greater attention. Neuropathy in the limbs is also common, and patients may experience numbness and pain in the hands and feet, as well as a burning sensation and decreased sensation in the soles of the feet. Some people may experience cramps at night. Skin itching is also common, and the skin is prone to damage. Skin infection is difficult to heal, libido is reduced, and women may experience irregular menstruation. Obesity is also common, especially abdominal obesity, which makes patients more likely to develop diabetes, and requires greater attention.

3. What are the complications of diabetes?

Diabetes has a long symptom cycle and requires lifelong treatment. Long-term illness can easily lead to complications and threaten the patient's life safety. For example, chronic complications that patients may see include diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy, neuropathy, macroangiopathy, cataracts, glaucoma, angina pectoris, etc. The main cause is mostly poor fasting blood sugar control or poor postprandial blood sugar control, which requires reasonable prevention.

Acute complications often include diabetic ketoacidosis, ketosis, acidosis coma, various infections and hyperosmolar coma, etc. In severe cases, they may even lead to the death of the patient. We need to pay more attention to ensure the safety of the patient's life.

4. Daily care of diabetes

Diabetes is a chronic disease. In daily life, patients need to pay attention to self-management. Patients need to strengthen their self-control ability, take medication according to doctor's orders, monitor blood sugar indicators regularly, control their own diet, and cooperate with doctors' guidance to achieve the purpose of controlling the disease.

The picture comes from the Internet

Patients need to strictly control their diet on a daily basis, ensure a balanced diet, pay attention to the intake of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats, control calories to ensure that they meet the standards, consume fruits appropriately, ensure their types and colors are reasonable, eat more vegetables, control the intake of fish and poultry, strictly limit processed meat, quit smoking and drinking, and ensure adequate drinking of water.

The picture comes from the Internet

Eat on time and in appropriate amounts, pay attention to the order of meals, chew slowly, pay attention to the daily management of patients, carry out personalized nutritional guidance, and enhance the quality of patients' diet.

The picture comes from the Internet

Carry out daily exercise guidance and strengthen patient exercise. Patients can improve their physical functions through slow walking, Tai Chi, strolling, etc., control blood sugar indicators, take medicine on time, so as to promote the improvement of patients' own immunity and improve blood sugar control. Pay attention to the care of patients' feet. Diabetic foot is a common complication. Controlling patients' feet can help reduce patient injuries and improve neurotrophic disorders caused by insufficient blood supply to the lower limb arteries. Try to wear a larger size of shoes to prevent feet from being worn or injured. Try not to choose shoes with metal or high heels to ensure breathability and tightness to avoid affecting blood circulation, improve physical functions, and improve patients' disease control effects.

Conclusion **:**In summary, the incidence of diabetes has shown a significant growth trend in recent years, seriously affecting people's daily life, threatening physical health, and showing a younger age. Therefore, we should pay more attention to it, actively carry out publicity, clarify the hazards of diabetes, create a good rehabilitation environment for patients, pay attention to disease control, prevent various complications, improve patients' own management ability, strengthen self-discipline, control their own diet, reduce the impact of the disease on patients' daily life, so as to promote the reasonable control of patients' blood sugar indicators, restore health as soon as possible, and improve patients' quality of life.